Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Anything that has mass and takes up space is a. | a chemical
change. | b. | energy. | c. | matter. | d. | a mixture. | | |
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2.
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Which
of the following is an example of a physical property? a. | hardness | b. | ability to rust | c. | reacting with
water | d. | flammability | | |
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3.
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Which
of the following does NOT describe a property of water? a. | Water is made of
only one kind of atom. | b. | At temperatures of 100°C or higher, water changes into a
gas. | c. | In its liquid
form, water is clear and colorless. | d. | Ice is water in its solid form. | | |
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4.
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Which
of the following statements about the properties of matter is true? a. | All kinds of
matter have the same properties. | b. | Each specific substance can be identified by its
properties. | c. | The properties of specific kinds of matter never
change. | d. | The properties of a mixture are always the
same. | | |
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5.
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Which
type of matter consists of two or more substances that are all chemically combined? a. | an
element | b. | a compound | c. | a
mixture | d. | an atom | | |
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6.
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Which
of the following is true of a compound? a. | It is made of only one kind of
element. | b. | It contains elements that are physically
combined. | c. | It contains elements combined in a specific
ratio. | d. | It is made of substances that keep their individual
properties. | | |
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7.
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Substances that CANNOT be broken down chemically into other substances
are a. | elements. | b. | compounds. | c. | mixtures. | d. | liquids. | | |
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8.
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In
chemistry, elements are represented by a. | symbols. | b. | formulas. | c. | building blocks. | d. | ratios. | | |
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9.
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One
example of a physical change is a. | burning paper. | b. | baking
cookies. | c. | the rusting of iron. | d. | mixing a
milkshake. | | |
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10.
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One
example of a chemical change is a. | cutting up paper. | b. | burning gasoline
in an engine. | c. | boiling water. | d. | crushing a
can. | | |
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11.
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The
type of energy that is related to the motion or position of matter is a. | electrical
energy. | b. | electromagnetic energy. | c. | mechanical
energy. | d. | thermal energy. | | |
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12.
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The
measurement of the force of gravity on an object is the object's a. | mass. | b. | volume. | c. | weight. | d. | density. | | |
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13.
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The
measurement of how much matter an object contains is its a. | volume. | b. | weight. | c. | mass. | d. | density. | | |
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14.
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The
SI unit for mass is the a. | ounce. | b. | pound. | c. | kilogram. | d. | liter. | | |
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15.
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The
measurement of the amount of mass contained in a given volume is called a. | weight. | b. | kilogram. | c. | liter. | d. | density. | | |
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16.
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How
would you calculate the density of an object? a. | Divide its weight by its volume. | b. | Divide its mass
by its volume. | c. | Multiply its volume times its mass. | d. | Multiply its
weight times its mass. | | |
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17.
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The
density of a block of wood with a volume of 50 cubic centimeters and a mass of 100
grams is a. | 2
g/cm3. | b. | 0.5 g/cm3. | c. | 500
g/cm3. | d. | 5,000 g/cm3. | | |
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18.
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All
elements are composed of extremely small particles called a. | compounds. | b. | mixtures. | c. | atoms. | d. | molecules. | | |
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19.
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The
first person to propose an atomic theory of matter was a. | Dalton. | b. | Fahrenheit. | c. | Asimov. | d. | Democritus. | | |
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20.
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According to Dalton's theory of atoms, all atoms of any element a. | are exactly
alike. | b. | can be broken into smaller pieces. | c. | are
different. | d. | have a different mass. | | |
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21.
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Dalton's theory of atoms said that the masses of elements in a compound are
always a. | equal. | b. | in a 2 to 1 ratio. | c. | in a 4 to 1
ratio. | d. | in a constant ratio. | | |
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22.
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Some
atoms can bond together to form a single unit called a(n) a. | element. | b. | compound. | c. | molecule. | d. | mixture. | | |
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23.
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What
holds atoms together in a molecule? a. | density | b. | gravity | c. | temperature | d. | chemical
bonds | | |
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24.
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Why
can gold be easily separated from other materials in a mixture? a. | It has a high
mass. | b. | It is shiny. | c. | It has a high
density. | d. | It has a high volume. | | |
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25.
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What
technique did miners use to separate gold from sand and pebbles in running water? a. | electrolysis | b. | panning | c. | heating along
with charcoal | d. | melting | | |
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26.
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In
nature, copper usually exists as a. | a pure element. | b. | a compound in an
ore. | c. | chunks of iron
ore. | d. | large groupings
of copper atoms. | | |
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27.
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Iron
can be obtained from a compound of iron and oxygen by a. | panning. | b. | electrolysis. | c. | heating the
compound and carbon together. | d. | breaking iron ore into small pieces. | | |
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or
phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
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28.
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Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and the changes matter can
undergo. _________________________
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29.
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A
change that produces one or more new substances is called a physical change.
_________________________
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30.
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If
you landed on the moon, your weight there would be the same as when you are on Earth.
_________________________
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31.
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A
piece of solid gold will sink in water because gold is less dense than water.
_________________________
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32.
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The
smallest particle of an element is called an atom. _________________________
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33.
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In
the early 1800s, John Dalton proposed the idea that atoms are rigid spheres that cannot be
broken apart. _________________________
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34.
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A
molecule can contain as few as two atoms or as many as a million atoms.
_________________________
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35.
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Color is a physical property that enables miners to distinguish between real
gold and "fool's gold," or pyrite. _________________________
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36.
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In
blast furnaces, iron metal separates from its compound ore because oxygen in the compound
reacts with carbon. _________________________
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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37.
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The
ability to do work or cause change is ____________________.
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38.
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Oxygen gas, orange juice, and a hammer are examples of ____________________ because
each has mass and volume.
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39.
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An
individual substance can be identified by the combination of its distinct
____________________.
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40.
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When
you describe the color, texture, flammability, and hardness of a substance, you are giving examples
of its ____________________.
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41.
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All
the different kinds of matter in the universe are made from about 100 substances called
____________________.
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42.
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Changes in state are examples of ____________________ changes.
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43.
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A
change in matter that produces new substances is called a chemical change, or chemical
____________________.
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44.
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Mass
is the measure of the total amount of ____________________ in any object.
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45.
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Two
objects that have the same ____________________ will have the same weight when they experience the
gravitational force of the same planet.
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46.
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The
units liter, milliliter, and cubic centimeters are all used to measure the ____________________ of an
object or substance.
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47.
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A
physical property expressed in grams per cubic centimeters, or g/cm3, is
____________________.
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48.
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A
____________________ of water is made up of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
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49.
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A
____________________ change is usually needed to release iron from the ore in which it is
found.
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50.
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The
metal strips placed in a solution during an electrolysis reaction are called
____________________.
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Short Answer
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Densities
of Some
Common
Substances | Substance | Density
(g/cm3) | Air | 0.0013 | Gasoline | 0.7 | Wood
(Oak) | 0.85 | Water (ice) | 0.9 | Water
(liquid) | 1.0 | Aluminum | 2.7 | Steel | 7.8 | Silver | 10.5 | Lead | 11.3 | Mercury | 13.5 | Gold | 19.3 | | |
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51.
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How
does the density of liquid water compare with the density of ice?
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52.
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If
samples of silver and lead each had volumes equal to 1 cm3, which would have the greater
mass, and how much would the difference in the masses be?
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53.
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If
gasoline is poured carefully into liquid water, will it sink or float? Explain why.
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54.
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A
54-gram sample of an unknown material has a volume equal to 20 cm3. Based on its density,
could the sample be aluminum?
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55.
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If a
sample of a material has a mass of 21 grams and a volume equal to 2 cm3, could it be one
of the substances listed in the table? Explain.
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56.
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What
type of particle is modeled by A and B? How are the substances represented by these particles
different?
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57.
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Identify which figure is a model of a compound and which is a model of a mixture.
Explain your reasoning.
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58.
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In
the figure representing a compound, tell how many different kinds of atoms are present.
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Essay
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59.
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Explain how you could find out whether or not an unknown liquid was
water.
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60.
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Explain the difference between a compound and a mixture.
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61.
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Suppose that a spacecraft from Earth lands on the moon and then returns to Earth.
Describe how the mass and weight of a person in the spacecraft would be affected while on Earth and
on the moon. Remember that the moon has a weaker force of gravity.
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62.
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Explain the difference between atoms and molecules.
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