Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Many
large cities grew up on rivers or coasts because people used the water for a. | agriculture. | b. | household uses. | c. | transportation. | d. | recreation. | | |
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2.
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Plants use water to make food in a process called a. | irrigation. | b. | agriculture. | c. | photosynthesis. | d. | groundwater. | | |
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3.
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Approximately what percentage of Earth's water is fresh water? a. | 97
percent | b. | 71 percent | c. | 30
percent | d. | 3 percent | | |
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4.
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Most
of Earth's fresh water is found in a. | huge masses of ice near the North and South
Poles. | b. | cracks and spaces in underground soil and
rock. | c. | the oceans. | d. | rivers and
lakes. | | |
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5.
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The
process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change into a gas is
called a. | transpiration. | b. | evaporation. | c. | condensation. | d. | precipitation | | |
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6.
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The
process by which plants release water into the air is called a. | precipitation. | b. | condensation. | c. | evaporation. | d. | transpiration. | | |
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7.
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Water
that falls to Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail is called a. | condensation. | b. | evaporation. | c. | precipitation. | d. | transpiration. | | |
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8.
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If
you let your hair air-dry after going swimming, you are taking advantage of a. | evaporation. | b. | condensation. | c. | melting. | d. | freezing. | | |
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9.
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In
order to move from the ocean to the atmosphere, a water molecule must a. | release
energy. | b. | absorb energy. | c. | condense. | d. | transpire. | | |
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10.
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The
total amount of water on Earth a. | is increasing. | b. | is fairly
constant. | c. | is decreasing. | d. | depends on the
weather. | | |
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11.
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The
land area that supplies water to a river system is called a a. | watershed. | b. | tributary. | c. | divide. | d. | stream. | | |
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12.
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The
natural deposits that help keep rivers from flooding are called a. | levees. | b. | divides. | c. | tributaries | d. | watersheds. | | |
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13.
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Which
of the following could cause a river to flood? a. | colder than normal spring
temperatures | b. | a period of less rain than usual in an
area | c. | an increased
volume of water entering the river channel | d. | natural levees forming alongside the
river | | |
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14.
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A
lake can be formed in all the following ways EXCEPT by a. | water collecting
in a hollow left by melting ice. | b. | water filling the crater of a
volcano. | c. | a dam blocking the flow of a river. | d. | water flowing
quickly through a narrow channel. | | |
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15.
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A
lake that stores water for human use is called a a. | reservoir. | b. | wetland | c. | watershed. | d. | pond. | | |
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16.
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A
green film of algae in a fish tank is an example of the early stages of a. | lake
turnover. | b. | eutrophication. | c. | precipitation. | d. | flooding. | | |
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17.
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What
seasonal change refreshes the supply of nutrients throughout a lake? a. | precipitation | b. | flooding | c. | lake
turnover | d. | eutrophication | | |
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18.
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Materials that allow water to easily pass through them are a. | permeable. | b. | impermeable. | c. | saturated. | d. | unsaturated. | | |
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19.
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People can obtain groundwater by drilling a well a. | above the water
table. | b. | into an aquifer. | c. | into the
unsaturated zone. | d. | into the impermeable layer. | | |
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20.
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New
water that enters an aquifer from the surface is called a. | recharge. | b. | a spring. | c. | an artesian
well. | d. | a geyser. | | |
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21.
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A
well in which groundwater rises because of pressure is called a(n) a. | artesian
well. | b. | water table. | c. | geyser. | d. | dry well. | | |
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22.
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Which
of the following is NOT a type of freshwater wetland? a. | a
marsh | b. | a swamp | c. | a
lake | d. | a
bog | | |
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23.
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Wetlands help control flooding by a. | absorbing runoff from heavy rains. | b. | collecting water
behind dams. | c. | providing natural water filtration. | d. | quickly
releasing water. | | |
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or
phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
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24.
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Most
of Earth's water is found in lakes and rivers. _________________________
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25.
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Sources of salt water on Earth include ice, rivers, lakes, and groundwater.
_________________________
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26.
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Clouds form when water vapor in the atmosphere condenses into water droplets.
_________________________
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27.
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The
land area that supplies water to a river system is called a divide.
_________________________
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28.
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Natural sediment deposits called dams help keep rivers inside their banks.
_________________________
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29.
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Water
moves easily through impermeable materials. _________________________
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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30.
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Most
of Earth's fresh water is in the form of ____________________.
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31.
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Fresh
water found in soil and rock layers below Earth's surface is called
____________________.
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32.
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Most
water in Earth's atmosphere is in the gaseous form, called _________________________.
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33.
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Water
moves from the atmosphere to Earth's surface as rain, snow, and other forms of
____________________.
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34.
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The
_________________________ is the continuous process by which water moves through the living and
nonliving parts of the environment.
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35.
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The
energy for the water cycle originally comes from the ____________________.
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36.
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Wetlands help prevent ____________________ by absorbing runoff from heavy
rains.
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37.
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A
body of standing water that is deep enough that sunlight does not reach the bottom is called a(n)
____________________.
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38.
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A
seasonal change called _________________________ refreshes the supply of nutrients throughout a
lake.
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39.
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Over
many years, the levels of nutrients in a lake build up in the process of
____________________.
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40.
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An
area of land that is covered with a shallow layer of water during some or all of the year is called a
____________________.
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41.
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A
ridge of land that separates two watersheds is called a ____________________.
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42.
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The
area of soil in which the pores are totally filled with water is called the ____________________
zone.
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43.
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The
top of the saturated zone is called the _________________________.
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44.
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People do not have to use a pump to obtain water from a(n) ____________________
well.
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Short Answer
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45.
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Which
well(s) end in a saturated zone?
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46.
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Which
well(s) end in an unsaturated zone?
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47.
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Which
well(s) will not provide water? Explain why not.
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48.
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What
percentage of Earth's total water is fresh water?
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49.
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Which
portions of the fresh water circle graph include water that is available for human use?
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50.
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Why
is most of Earth's water not useful for drinking or irrigation?
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Essay (Extra Credit - 5 points each)
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51.
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Explain why Earth is often called the "water planet" and why it might be
more accurate to call it the "saltwater planet."
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52.
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A
community is considering draining nearby wetlands to make room for new construction. Give two reasons
the wetlands might be worth preserving.
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