Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which
scientific skill are you using when you see that the sky is cloudy? a. | making an
observation | b. | making an inference | c. | posing a
question | d. | drawing a conclusion | | |
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2.
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A
controlled experiment is designed to test a. | a conclusion. | b. | a
hypothesis. | c. | data. | d. | a
measurement. | | |
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3.
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The
factor that a scientist changes during a controlled experiment is called the a. | dependent
variable. | b. | responding variable. | c. | initial
variable. | d. | manipulated variable. | | |
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4.
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A
chart showing the amount of rain each month in a region is an example of a
scientist's a. | variables. | b. | inferences. | c. | data. | d. | conclusions. | | |
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5.
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What
must be true of a conclusion to a controlled experiment? a. | A conclusion
must show that the data support the hypothesis. | b. | A conclusion
must show that the hypothesis was incorrect. | c. | A conclusion
must be reached for every experiment. | d. | A conclusion must relate the data to the
hypothesis. | | |
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6.
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A
scientific explanation that can be tested by observation or experiment is a(n) a. | inference. | b. | simulation. | c. | variable. | d. | hypothesis. | | |
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7.
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A
well-tested scientific concept that explains a wide range of observations is called
a a. | scientific
inquiry. | b. | scientific hypothesis. | c. | scientific
method. | d. | scientific theory. | | |
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8.
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Anything that has mass and takes up space is a. | a chemical
change. | b. | energy. | c. | matter. | d. | a mixture. | | |
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9.
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Which
of the following is an example of a physical property? a. | hardness | b. | ability to rust | c. | reacting with
water | d. | flammability | | |
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10.
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Which
type of matter consists of two or more substances that are all chemically combined? a. | an
element | b. | a compound | c. | a
mixture | d. | an atom | | |
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11.
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Substances that CANNOT be broken down chemically into other substances
are a. | elements. | b. | compounds. | c. | mixtures. | d. | liquids. | | |
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12.
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One
example of a physical change is a. | burning paper. | b. | baking
cookies. | c. | the rusting of iron. | d. | mixing a
milkshake. | | |
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13.
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One
example of a chemical change is a. | cutting up paper. | b. | burning gasoline
in an engine. | c. | boiling water. | d. | crushing a
can. | | |
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14.
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The
type of energy that is related to the motion or position of matter is a. | electrical
energy. | b. | electromagnetic energy. | c. | mechanical
energy. | d. | thermal energy. | | |
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15.
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The
measurement of the force of gravity on an object is the object's a. | mass. | b. | volume. | c. | weight. | d. | density. | | |
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16.
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The
measurement of how much matter an object contains is its a. | volume. | b. | weight. | c. | mass. | d. | density. | | |
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17.
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The
measurement of the amount of mass contained in a given volume is called a. | weight. | b. | kilogram. | c. | liter. | d. | density. | | |
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18.
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All
elements are composed of extremely small particles called a. | compounds. | b. | mixtures. | c. | atoms. | d. | molecules. | | |
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19.
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According to Dalton's theory of atoms, all atoms of any element a. | are exactly
alike. | b. | can be broken into smaller pieces. | c. | are
different. | d. | have a different mass. | | |
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20.
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Some
atoms can bond together to form a single unit called a(n) a. | element. | b. | compound. | c. | molecule. | d. | mixture. | | |
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21.
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In a
chemical reaction, a. | there is no change in energy. | b. | energy is always
absorbed. | c. | energy is always released. | d. | energy is either
absorbed or released. | | |
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22.
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A
shorter, easier way to show chemical reactions, using symbols instead of words, is
called a a. | chemical
equation. | b. | chemical formula. | c. | symbol. | d. | subscript. | | |
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23.
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Which
of the following shows a correct structure for a chemical equation? a. | Product +
Product ®
Reactant | b. | Product + Reactant ® Product + Reactant | c. | Product +
Product ¬ Reactant +
Reactant | d. | Reactant + Reactant ® Product | | |
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24.
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Which
of the following is a balanced chemical equation? a. | H2O2 ® H2O
+ O2 | b. | 2 Fe2O3 + 3 C ® 4 Fe + 3
CO2 | c. | SO2 + O2 + 2 H2O ® 4
H2SO4 | d. | 2 Mg + HCl ® MgCl2 + H2 | | |
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25.
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According to the principle of conservation of mass, in a chemical equation the number
of a. | coefficients for
the products equals the number of coefficients for the reactants. | b. | reactants equals
the number of products. | c. | atoms in the products equals the number of atoms in the
reactants. | d. | subscripts for the products equals the number of subscripts for
the reactants. | | |
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26.
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The
ability to do work is called a. | velocity. | b. | energy. | c. | force. | d. | friction. | | |
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27.
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Energy is measured in a. | joules. | b. | pounds. | c. | meters. | d. | newtons. | | |
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28.
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The
energy associated with motion is called a. | kinetic energy. | b. | elastic
potential energy. | c. | gravitational potential energy. | d. | nuclear
energy. | | |
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29.
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Unlike kinetic energy, potential energy is a. | energy of
motion. | b. | stored. | c. | conserved. | d. | not measurable. | | |
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30.
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Potential energy that depends on height is called a. | kinetic
energy. | b. | gravitational potential energy. | c. | elastic
potential energy. | d. | thermal energy. | | |
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31.
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Energy conversion means a. | that energy can be created but not
destroyed. | b. | that energy can be destroyed but not
created. | c. | not wasting energy. | d. | that most forms
of energy can be converted into another form. | | |
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32.
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The
law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is converted into
another, a. | energy is
destroyed. | b. | energy is created. | c. | energy is
neither created nor destroyed. | d. | some amount of energy cannot be accounted
for. | | |
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33.
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The
type of energy stored by fossil fuels such as coal is a. | kinetic
energy. | b. | mechanical energy. | c. | potential
chemical energy. | d. | electromagnetic energy. | | |
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34.
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Fossil fuels contain energy that originally came from a. | earthquakes. | b. | waterfalls. | c. | the
sun. | d. | lightning. | | |
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35.
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The
most plentiful fossil fuel in the United States is a. | coal. | b. | oil. | c. | natural gas. | d. | wood. | | |
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36.
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Which
fossil fuel produces the lowest levels of most air pollutants? a. | coal | b. | oil | c. | petroleum | d. | natural
gas | | |
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37.
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Fossil fuels are considered nonrenewable resources because they a. | burn so
quickly. | b. | are in such high demand. | c. | take hundreds of
millions of years to form. | d. | pollute the air. | | |
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38.
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Which
of the following is an advantage of solar energy? a. | It will not run out for billions of
years. | b. | It is not available at night. | c. | No back-up
energy sources are needed. | d. | It must be collected from a huge
area. | | |
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39.
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What
is the most widely used source of renewable energy in the world today? a. | hydroelectric
power | b. | solar power | c. | biomass
fuels | d. | nuclear power | | |
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40.
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What
fuel forms only water as a by-product when it is burned? a. | petroleum | b. | hydrogen | c. | natural
gas | d. | uranium | | |
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41.
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The
intense heat beneath Earth's surface can be a source of a. | hydrogen
power. | b. | nuclear fusion. | c. | geothermal
energy. | d. | solar energy. | | |
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42.
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The
splitting of an atom's nucleus into two smaller nuclei is called a. | nuclear
fusion. | b. | nuclear fission. | c. | a chain
reaction. | d. | a meltdown. | | |
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43.
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The
combining of two atomic nuclei to produce one larger nucleus is called a. | hydrogen
power. | b. | nuclear fission. | c. | nuclear
fusion. | d. | a meltdown. | | |
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44.
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A
change to the environment that has a negative effect on living things is called a. | a renewable
resource. | b. | a nonrenewable resource. | c. | population
growth. | d. | pollution. | | |
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45.
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A
water molecule is made up of a. | two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen
atom. | b. | two hydrogen atoms bonded together. | c. | two oxygen atoms
bonded to a hydrogen atom. | d. | two oxygen atoms bonded together. | | |
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46.
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Tightness across the surface of water that is caused by polar molecules pulling on
each other is called a. | surface tension. | b. | capillary
action. | c. | condensation. | d. | polar
action. | | |
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47.
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Approximately what percentage of Earth's water is fresh water? a. | 97
percent | b. | 71 percent | c. | 30
percent | d. | 3 percent | | |
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48.
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Most
of Earth's fresh water is found in a. | huge masses of ice near the North and South
Poles. | b. | cracks and spaces in underground soil and
rock. | c. | the oceans. | d. | rivers and
lakes. | | |
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49.
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The
total amount of water on Earth a. | is increasing. | b. | is fairly
constant. | c. | is decreasing. | d. | depends on the
weather. | | |
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50.
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The
land area that supplies water to a river system is called a a. | watershed. | b. | tributary. | c. | divide. | d. | stream. | | |
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51.
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The
natural deposits that help keep rivers from flooding are called a. | levees. | b. | divides. | c. | tributaries | d. | watersheds. | | |
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52.
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Materials that allow water to easily pass through them are a. | permeable. | b. | impermeable. | c. | saturated. | d. | unsaturated. | | |
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53.
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New
water that enters an aquifer from the surface is called a. | recharge. | b. | a spring. | c. | an artesian
well. | d. | a geyser. | | |
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54.
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Pure
water is neutral, meaning it is neither an acid nor a base. Pure water has a pH of
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55.
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Many
homes that are not connected to public sanitary sewers might dispose of sewage using
a(n) a. | aquifer. | b. | septic system. | c. | reservoir. | d. | well. | | |
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56.
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Water
erosion begins when runoff from rainfall flows in a thin layer over the land in a kind of erosion
called a. | mass
erosion. | b. | sheet erosion. | c. | creep. | d. | gullying. | | |
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57.
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A
stream or river that runs into another stream or river is called a a. | tributary. | b. | meander. | c. | turbulent
stream. | d. | gully. | | |
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58.
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A
river flowing across a wide flood plain begins to form looplike bends called a. | rills. | b. | meanders. | c. | outside
curves. | d. | deltas. | | |
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59.
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What
is the thick, brownish haze formed when certain gases react in sunlight? a. | photochemical
smog | b. | acid
rain | c. | carbon
monoxide | d. | radon | | |
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60.
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The
National Weather Service measures air pressure in units called a. | aneroids. | b. | barometers. | c. | millibars. | d. | pressure bars. | | |
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61.
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Instruments used to measure air pressure are called a. | thermometers. | b. | hygrometers. | c. | hydrometers. | d. | barometers. | | |
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62.
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An
aneroid barometer is different from a mercury barometer in that it a. | measures
temperature. | b. | uses alcohol instead of mercury. | c. | does not contain
a liquid. | d. | provides readings that increase as air pressure
increases. | | |
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63.
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The
main layers of the atmosphere are classified according to changes in a. | altitude. | b. | density. | c. | pressure. | d. | temperature. | | |
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64.
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Radio
waves are reflected back to Earth in the a. | exosphere. | b. | ionosphere. | c. | thermosphere. | d. | mesosphere. | | |
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65.
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Heat
transfer between two substances that are in contact is called a. | conduction. | b. | thermal energy. | c. | convection. | d. | radiation. | | |
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66.
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Heat
from a campfire reaches you by a. | conduction. | b. | light
emission. | c. | convection. | d. | radiation. | | |
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67.
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Most
of the heating of the troposphere comes from a. | conduction. | b. | induction. | c. | convection. | d. | radiation. | | |
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68.
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Wind
speed is measured by a(an) a. | barometer. | b. | anemometer. | c. | thermometer. | d. | hygrometer. | | |
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69.
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Land
breezes occur because a. | land cools off faster than water. | b. | land cools off
more slowly than water. | c. | land heats up faster than water. | d. | land heats up
more slowly than water. | | |
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70.
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Earth's rotation makes winds seem to curve. This is called the a. | convection
effect. | b. | global effect. | c. | Coriolis
effect. | d. | rotational effect. | | |
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71.
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The
doldrums are characterized by a. | high pressure. | b. | cool
temperatures. | c. | weak winds. | d. | heavy
air. | | |
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72.
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The
horse latitudes are located a. | at about 60° north and south
latitudes. | b. | at the equator. | c. | at about
30° north and south latitudes. | d. | at the north and south poles. | | |
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73.
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Relative humidity can be measured with a a. | hydrometer. | b. | barometer. | c. | psychrometer. | d. | thermometer. | | |
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74.
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Large
clouds that often produce thunderstorms are called a. | stratus
clouds. | b. | cumulonimbus clouds. | c. | cirrus
clouds. | d. | nimbostratus clouds. | | |
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75.
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Very
high feathery clouds are called a. | stratus clouds. | b. | cumulonimbus
clouds. | c. | cirrus clouds. | d. | nimbostratus
clouds. | | |
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76.
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Small
lines at the end of the shaft that represents wind direction on a weather map
indicate a. | temperature. | b. | wind speed. | c. | pressure. | d. | humidity. | | |
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77.
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On
weather maps, a line with half circles indicates a. | a hurricane. | b. | a cold
front. | c. | a warm front. | d. | snow. | | |
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78.
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The
sun's rays are least direct a. | near the poles. | b. | near the
equator. | c. | at high altitudes. | d. | far from the
ocean. | | |
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79.
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Near
the end of both March and September, a. | spring begins in both hemispheres. | b. | the sun's rays
strike Earth with the same intensity everywhere. | c. | Earth's axis is
no longer pointing at the North Star. | d. | neither end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the
sun. | | |
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80.
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The
seasons are caused by a. | Earth's varying distance from the
sun. | b. | Earth's changing
rate of rotation. | c. | the tilt of Earth's axis. | d. | shifting
climates on Earth's surface. | | |
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81.
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Day
and night are caused by a. | the tilt of Earth's axis. | b. | Earth's
revolution around the sun. | c. | eclipses. | d. | Earth's rotation
on its axis. | | |
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82.
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Earth's rotation takes about a. | 365 days. | b. | 6
months. | c. | 24 hours. | d. | 1
month. | | |
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83.
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One
complete revolution of Earth around the sun takes about a. | one
rotation. | b. | one season. | c. | one
year. | d. | one eclipse. | | |
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84.
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When
the north end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the sun, North America will
experience a. | more indirect
rays and shorter days. | b. | more indirect rays and longer days. | c. | more direct rays
and shorter days. | d. | more direct rays and longer days. | | |
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85.
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Not
every place on Earth has two regular tides every day because a. | the moon's
gravitational pull changes. | b. | the shapes of bays, inlets, and the ocean floor can affect the
flow of water. | c. | the distance between the moon and Earth changes as the Earth
rotates. | d. | the sun and moon pull the water in different
directions. | | |
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86.
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Most
places on Earth experience a. | one high tide and one low tide about every 25
hours. | b. | two high tides and one low tide about every 25
hours. | c. | one high tide and one low tide about every 12.5
hours. | d. | two high tides and two low tides about every 12.5
hours. | | |
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87.
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The
model in which Earth is at the center of the system of planets is called the a. | solar
system. | b. | heliocentric system. | c. | geocentric
system. | d. | Copernican system. | | |
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88.
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Copernicus explained that a. | the sun is at the center of the system of
planets. | b. | the sun and the planets revolve around
Earth. | c. | the geocentric system is correct. | d. | there are only
six planets. | | |
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89.
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The
heliocentric system gained support when Galileo observed that a. | one side of the
moon always faces Earth. | b. | most of the smaller planets are closer to the
sun. | c. | Venus goes
through phases similar to those of Earth's moon. | d. | the orbit of
each planet is an ellipse. | | |
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90.
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The
two factors that combine to keep the planets in orbit are a. | gravity and
orbital speed. | b. | orbital speed and mass. | c. | mass and
inertia. | d. | gravity and inertia. | | |
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91.
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What
do all of the inner planets have in common? a. | They have the same period of
revolution. | b. | They have the same period of
rotation. | c. | They have the same diameter. | d. | They are small
and have rocky surfaces. | | |
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92.
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What
do the first four outer planets have in common? a. | They are much larger than Earth and do not have solid
surfaces. | b. | They are about the same size as Earth and do not have solid
surfaces. | c. | They are much larger than Earth and are
solid. | d. | They are about the same size as Earth and are
solid. | | |
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93.
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Uranus is different from most other planets because it a. | is the farthest
from the sun. | b. | is mostly nitrogen and helium. | c. | rotates on its
side. | d. | has the most moons. | | |
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94.
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Pluto
is different from the other outer planets because it a. | is almost
entirely made of gases. | b. | is much larger than the others. | c. | has the most
moons. | d. | is small and has a solid surface. | | |
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95.
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What
shape are the orbits of most comets? a. | long, narrow ellipses | b. | circles | c. | nearly circular ellipses | d. | spherical | | |
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96.
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The
asteroid belt is located a. | between Earth and Mars. | b. | between Mars and
Jupiter. | c. | between Jupiter and Saturn. | d. | between Saturn
and Uranus. | | |
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97.
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When
a meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere, it produces a streak of light called a a. | meteor. | b. | asteroid. | c. | meteorite. | d. | comet. | | |
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98.
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Spring tides occur a. | once a month, during a new moon. | b. | once a month,
during a full moon. | c. | twice a month, during a new moon and a full
moon. | d. | twice a month, during a first quarter moon and a third quarter
moon. | | |
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99.
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A
tide with the LEAST difference between low and high tide is called a a. | spring
tide. | b. | neap tide. | c. | rip
tide. | d. | monthly tide. | | |
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100.
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Which
of these gases is about 60 times more plentiful in the ocean than it is in the
atmosphere? a. | oxygen | b. | carbon dioxide | c. | carbon
monoxide | d. | helium | | |
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