| A | B |
|---|
| NUTRIENT | Substance in food that provides the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all the essential life processes |
| CALORIE | The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one Celsius degree |
| CARBOHYDRATE | Energy - rich organic compounds, such as sugars and starches that are made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They provide the raw materials to make parts of the cell. |
| GLUCOSE | A sugar tat is the major source of energy for the body’s cells |
| FIBER | A complex carbohydrate, found in plant foods, that cannot be broken down into sugar molecules by the body |
| FAT | High-energy nutrients that are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and contain more than twice as much energy as an equal amount of carbohydrates. |
| UNSATURATED FATS | Fats that are usually liquid at room temperature (ex: canola oil & olive oil) |
| SATURATED FATS | Fats that are usually solid at room temperature (ex: butter) |
| CHOLESTEROL | A waxy, fatlike substance, found only in animal products, that is an important part of the body’s cells; can build up on artery walls |
| PROTEIN | Large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur; they are needed for tissue growth and repair and play a part in chemical reactions within cells |
| AMINO ACID | Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules |
| VITAMINS | Molecules that act as helpers in a variety of chemical reactions within the body |
| MINERALS | Nutrients that are needed by the body in small amounts and are not made by living things |
| FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID | A chart that classifies foods into 6 groups to help people plan a healthy diet |
| PERCENT DAILY VALUE | An indication on a food label of how the nutritional content of a food fits into the diet of a person who consumes a total of 2,000 Calories a day |
| DIGESTION | The process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules |
| ABSORPTION | The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood |
| SALIVA | The fluid released when the mouth waters that plays an important role in both mechanical and chemical digestion |
| ENZYME | A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the bodies of living things |
| ESOPHAGUS | A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
| MUCUS | A thick, slippery substance produced by the body |
| PERISTALSIS | Involuntary waves of muscle contractions that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system |
