Physical Characteristics of Gases Tools A B Absolute Zero Temperature when everything stops moving -273.15C. Atmosphere of Pressure (atm) Average sea level pressure. Barometer Tool used to measure atmospheric pressure. Boyle’s Law Volume and pressure are inversely proportional. Charles’s Law Volume of a fixed mass of gas varies directly with the temperature in Kelvin. Combined Gas Law Expresses the difference between pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gasses is the sum of all the partial pressures. Diffusion The movement of materials from higher concentration to lower concentration. Effusion The movement of gas particles between two containers through a small opening. Elastic Collision A collision when there is no loss in energy Fluids Having the ability to flow and fill a given volume. Gas Laws The mathematical relationship between the volume, temperature, pressure, and quantity of a gas. Gay-Lussac’s Law Pressure and temperature of a given amount of gas are directly proportional. Ideal Gas An imaginary gas that behaves perfectly according to the Kinetic Theory. Kinetic Theory Objects are always in motion and these motions can have consequences. Millimeters of Mercury (mm Hg) Common unit of pressure. Newton SI unit of force, kilogram by meter per second squared. Partial Pressure The pressure exerted by each of the gasses in a mixture. Pascal SI unit for pressure with the force of one Newton per meter squared. Pressure Force per unit area. Real Gas Doesn’t behave completely according to the assumptions of the kinetic theory. Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) Is the conditions where there is 1 atm of gas at 0C. Torr Measure of pressure named to honor Torricelli.