| A | B |
|---|
| chemistry | major branch of science that deals with properties of matter |
| physics | major branch of science that studies matter and energy |
| life science | major branch of science that studies living organisms |
| earth science | major branch of science that studies geology, meteorology, oceanography, and astronomy |
| atoms | particles that make up matter |
| element | matter that contains only one kind of element |
| proton | particle of an atom with a positive charge |
| neutron | particle of an atom with no charge |
| electron | particle in an atom with a negative charge |
| solid | state of matter where the atoms are fixed |
| liquid | state of matter where Atoms and molecules are close but can change position |
| gas | state of matter where the attractive force is very weak |
| plasma | state of matter where matter is just ions and electrons |
| Rock Cycle | process where rocks constantly change from igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary |
| Latitude | L___ is to horizontal meridians are to vertical |
| Longitude | L___ is to vertical as parallels are to horizontal |
| prime meridian | line of longitude goes through Greenwich, England |
| latitude and longitude | these lines form a grid system for finding location on a globe |
| equator | this line is the starting point for latitude |
| mechanical | weathering that breaks apart rock without changing its composition |
| chemical | type of weathering that water, air, and other substances react and change the composition of rock |
| troposphere | layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth, contains 75% of gasses |
| ozone layer | part of the atmosphere that absorbs ultraviolet radiation |
| weather | created from the interactions of sun, atmosphere, and water |
| climate | average weather for a place over a long period of time |
| water cycle | a cycle that includes evaporation, precipitation, and condensation |
| hurricane | powerful low pressure system that is the strongest storm |
| atoms | particles that make up matter |
| protons | particles with a positive charge |
| scientific method | series of planned steps to solver problems in science |
| continental drift | Alfred Wegener's theory that the continenants slowly move around |
| fault | place in the earth where rock is moving in different directions |
| earthquake | when rocks break at a fault releasing tremendous energy |
| volcano | an opening in the earth’s crust that forms a mountain when lava and ash erupt |
| plates | sections of crust that move on the mantle |
| plate tectonics | theory that crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that move |
| acid | has a PH lower than 7 |
| base | has a PH above 7 |
| equinox | 2 times each year 12 hours of day and night |
| solstice | 2 times each year sun reaches highest angle north or south of the equator |
| population | total number of species in an area |
| population explosion | term for the rapid growth of the human population |
| conservation | careful use of resources to reduce damage to the environment |
| reduce reuse recycle | 3 Rs of conservation |
| carrying capacity | maximum number of species the planet can support |
| inner planets | 4 small rocky planets closest to the sun |
| outer planets | the large gas planets beyond the solar system |
| meteorologist | person who studies weather and climate |
| hurricane | the most powerful kind of storm on earth |
| photosynthesis | process used by plants to make food |
| hypothesis | a possible explanation to a problem that needs to be tested |
| law | scientific rule of nature that describes the behavior of something in nature |
| variable | the factor that is changed in an experiment |
| control | the factor that is not changed in an experiment |
| solar eclipse | type of eclipse where the moon is casting a shadow on the earth |
| lunar eclipse | type of eclipse where the earth's shadow falls on the moon |
| chemosynthesis | process used by bacteria to produce food and oxygen from dissolved sulfur compounds |
| water wind glaciers | agents of erosion |
| revolution | the orbiting of one object around another |
| rotation | spinning of an object around on its axis |
| element | form of matter that contains only one kind of element |
| plankton | tiny marine plants and animals that drift on ocean currents |
| igneous sedimentary metamorphic | three types of rock |
| global warming | rise in global temperatures due to increased greenhouse effect |
| radiation | transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves |
| reflecting telescope | telescope that uses a concave mirror to reflect an image to a focal point |
| refracting telescope | telescope that passes light through a convex lens and bends it to form an image at a focal point |
| conduction | transfer of heat that occurs when molecules collide |
| convection | transfer of heat by flow of heated material |
| crest | the highest point of a wave |
| trough | the lowest point of a wave |
| wave | movement of in which ocean water rises and falls as energy passes through |
