| A | B |
|---|
| cellular respiration | process that burns glucose with oxygen to release ATP energy, CO2, & H2O |
| pyruvic acid | 3-carbon product of glycolysis that is poisonous to cells |
| NAD+ | hydrogen carrier molecule found in mitochondria |
| anaerobic respiration | respiration processes that do not involve oxygen |
| glycolysis | beginning of all cellular respiration activities when glucose splits |
| fermentation | anaerobic process that makes pyruvic acid into lactic acid or alcohol |
| lactic fermentation | fermentation found in human muscles that makes us sore |
| alcoholic fermentation | process used by yeast to make CO2 & ethyl alcohol |
| mitochondrial matrix | space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria |
| Kreb's cycle | biochemical pathway the breaks down acetyl CoA to produce CO2, NADH, & ATP |
| photosynthesis | process uses light to make glucose & oxygen from CO2 & H2O |
| light reactions | pigments in chloroplasts absorb light to split water and make ATP & NADPH |
| grana | stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts |
| stroma | the cytoplasm inside chloroplasts |
| chlorophyll | green pigment found in chloroplasts |
| electron transport chain | protein molecules in the thylakoids that transfer electrons from one molecule to the next |
| chemiosmosis | process that makes ATP from the concentration gradient of protons across the thylakoid & mitochondrial membranes |
| Calvin cycle | another name for the dark reaction |
| carbon fixation | when CO2 is captured by RuBP |
| aerobic respiration | requires the presence of oxygen and includes Kreb's Cycle & Electron Transport |
| acetyl CoA | 2-Carbon compound resulting from acetic acid and CoEnzyme A joining |
| FAD+ | coenzyme hydrogen carrier unique to Kreb's cycle |
| biochemical pathway | series of reactions in which the product of one is the consumed by the next |
| visible spectrum | light that ranges from violet to red and can be seen by humans |
| wavelength | the measure of a light waves that determines their color |
| pigment | any substance that gives a structure color |
| NADP+ | the hydrogen carrying coenzyme found in chloroplasts |
| chemiosmosis | biochemical reaction that produces ATP molecules from H+ buildup and ATP synthase |
| ATP synthase | protein found in mitochondria & chloroplasts that makes ATP from H+ buildup |
| ATP | the only energy molecule used by cells worldwide |
| ADP | the "uncharged battery" of cells that can become ATP if you add ~P |
| RuBP | the 5-Carbon CO2 acceptor found in plant cells that begins the Calvin cycle |
| carbon fixation | occurs when RuBP accepts CO2 into living systems |
