| A | B |
|---|
| What type of molecule is water classified as? | Polar molecule |
| Why is water classifies as a polar molecule? | Water is a polar molecule because one end (or pole) has a negative charge while the other end (or pole) has a positive charge. |
| What is the difference between an organic molecule and an inorganic molecule? | Organic molecules contain carbon atoms where inorganic molecules do not contain carbon molecules. |
| What are four examples of organic molecules? | Carbohydrates, Lipids (fats), Proteins and Nucleic Acids |
| What are three subcategories of carbohydrates? | Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. |
| What are three examples of monosaccharides? | Glucose, fructose, galactose |
| What is another name for monosaccharides? | simple sugars |
| What are monomers of carbohydrates? | monosaccharides |
| What is a monomer? | A single unit |
| What is a polymer? | A long chain of repeating units (monomers) |
| What indicator is used to determine the presence of monosaccharides? | Benedict's solution |
| How are polymers formed? | Dehydration Synthesis |
| How are polymers broken down? | Hydrolysis |
| What is removed when a polymer is formed? | water |
| What is needed to break down a polymer? | water |
| What are three examples of disaccharides? | Maltose, lactose, and sucrose |
| What monomer (monosaccharides) make up maltose? | glucose and glucose |
| What monomers (monosaccharides) make up lactose? | glucose and galactose |
| What monomers (monosaccharides) make up sucrose? | glucose and fructose |
| How are disaccharides created? | When two monosaccharides are joined together by dehydration synthesis. |
| How are disaccharides broken down? | When water is added to the molecule and hydrolysis occurs. |
| What are four examples of polysaccharides? | starch, cellulose, chitin and glycogen |
| What polysaccharide is stored sugar in plants? | starch |
| What polysaccharide is stored sugar in animals? | Glycogen |
| What polysaccharide is found in the shells of insects? | chitin |
| What type of polysaccharide is found in cell walls of plants? | cellulose |
| Why is cellulose not found in animals? | cellulose is not found in animals because animal cells don not have cell walls. |
| How are polysaccharides formed? | dehydration synthesis |
| How are polysaccharides broken down? | hydrolysis |
| What is the element ratio in all carbohydrates? | 1:2:1 |
| What provides the cell with the most energy (or fuel)? | monosaccharides or simple sugars. |
| What are three examples of inorganic molecules? | Water, a rock and ammonia |
| How many bonds can carbon have? | 4 |
| What is are lipids? | steriods, waxes, fats or oils |
| What are three functions of lipids? | cushion, insulation, energy |
| Which is better for the human body saturated or unsaturated fats (lipids)? | unsaturated |
| What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated lipids(or fats) | Saturated fats have single bonds between the carbon atoms and unsaturated fats have either double or triple bonds between the carbon atoms. |
| What elements make up all carbohydrates? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
| What elements make up all lipids? | Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen |
| What is an example of a steriod? | Cholesterol |
| What are the negative affects of increased levels of cholesterol? | A build up and hardening of the arteries which can lead to heart attacks or a stroke. |
| What are lipids composed of? | 3 fatty acid molecules and 1 glycerol molecule |
| What reaction creates lipids? | dehydration synthesis. |
| When 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol molecule are joined together through dehydration synthesis what is produced? | 1 lipid molecule and 3 water molecules. |
| What are the building blocks of protein? | amino acids |
| How many different amino acids are there? | 20 |
| Hw are amino acids different from each other? | Each aminio acid has a different functional group which makes them different from each other. |
| What are the three components of an amino acid molecule? | (1) animo group (2) carboxyl group (3) functional group |
| What is the purpose of proteins on a cellular level? | Transport (carrier) proteins which are used in facilitated diffusion. |
| What is the purpose of proteins in the human body? | makes bones, cartilage, hair, nails etc. |
| What holds protein molecules together? | peptide bonds |
| What are peptide bonds? | Bonds that hold amino acids together to make a large protein molecule. |
| What is a dipeptide molecule? | A small protein molecule that is composed of two amino acids and one peptide bond. |
| What is a polypeptide molecule? | A large protein molecule that is composed of three or more amino acids and numerous peptide bonds. |
| What organic group do enzymes belong to? | Protein |
| What type of catalyst are enzymes? | organic catalyst |
| What is a catalyst? | A molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction and lowers the amount of activation energy need for the reaction to occur. |
| What is activation energy? | The energy needed to carry out a chemical reaction. |
| What type of molecule fits into an enzyme? | Substrate |
| Explain the lock and key theory of enzymes? | This theory states that each enzyme only has a specific substrate that can fit into the enzymes active site. Similar to a particular key fitting into a specific lock. |
| How does temperature affect the activity of an enzyme? | If the temperature is too high the enyzme will become denatured (misshaped) and will not work. If the temperature is too low the enzyme will be slowed down and not work as well. |
| How will the pH of the environment affect the activity of an enzyme? | If an environment is too acidic or too basic it will destory the enzyme. |
| What part of the enzyme does the substrate fit into? | The active site. |
| What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
| What are two examples of nucleic acids? | DNA and RNA |
| What does DNA stand for? | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| What type of sugar is found in DNA? | deoxyribose (5 carbon sugar) |
| What does RNA stand for? | Ribonucleic acid |
| What type of sugar is found in RNA? | Ribose (4 carbon sugar) |
| What are the building blocks of DNA? | DNA nucleotides |
| What are the building blocks of RNA? | RNA nucleotides |
| What are nucleotides composed of? | (1) phosphate molecule (2) Sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) (3) nitrogenous bases |
| What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA? | (1) adenine (2) thymine (3) guanine (4) cytosine |
| What are the four nitrogenous bases found in RNA? | (1) adenine (2) uracil (3) cytosine (4) guanine |
| What are complimentary bases? | Nitrogenous bases that bond together by hydrogen bonds. |
| What are the complimentary bases of DNA? | A = T and G=C |
| What the complimentary bases of RNA? | A=U and G=C |
| What is the function of DNA? | It is heredity material that is pasted on generation to generation. |
| What is the function of RNA? | Protein synthesis |
| What is protein synthesis? | making of protein molecules |
| What shape is DNA? | Double helix |
| How many strands does DNA have? | 2 |
| Where is DNA found? | nucleus |
| How many strands does RNA have? | 1 |
| Where is RNA found? | nucleus, ribosome, rough er and cytoplasm |
| What are three types of RNA? | mRNA, rRNA and tRNA |
