| A | B |
|---|
| Ancient Greece | Pre-Roman Empire collection of government/city states, including: Sparta-monarchy; Athens-a democracy with people ruling themselves; Corinth-ruled by an aristocracy. |
| Aztecs | Civilization during 14-16th centuries; located in present-day Mexico; great builders with stone; economy based on agriculture; worshipped many gods; and believed in human sacrifices |
| barriers | Something that is in the way or separates two things. May include mountains, bodies of water, distance, ect. |
| Buddhism | Major world religion; founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama; basic beliefs-Four Noble Truths & Eightfold Path (suffering always exists in the world & belief in reincarnation). |
| cardinal directions | north, east, south, west |
| China (ancient) | first dynasty was Shang Dynasty who kep written record (on bones and bronze and stone) |
| China | Large country in East Asia-3rd largest in the world |
| Christianity | Major world religion; religion based on life of Jesus Christ-believe in on God & the Bible |
| civil service | common people are given a chance to become local officers |
| civilization | A group of people who have their own organized government, customs, religion, social classes, food source, & technology. |
| Classical Rome | 9th century BC; two groups of people-patricians and plebeians; republic had elected representatives |
| Codes of Hammurabi | Sect of 282 laws; punishments were determined by the class of the people involved but punishments fit the crime; one of the earliest sets of laws found. |
| Confucianism | A way of thinking & living that included virtues like; respect for people, humility, modesty and sense of humanity. |
| democracy | Government ruled by the people |
| dictatorship | Government where one person totally controls the people |
| dynasty cycle | Ruling of an empire being passed down to a member of the family |
| Egypt (ancient) | location/origin:Nile Valley; accomplishments Pharaoh, centralized government |
| Egypt | Located in NE Africta, receives little rain, home to longes river in the world |
| Great Wall of China | A barrier of protection from people in the north (invaders). Took centuries to build. Started under Emperor Shi Huangdi. |
| Greece | Located in SE Europe with long coastlines & mountains that divided the civilizations. |
| Greek city-states | small independent nation made up of a city and the surrounding area; each had their own history, statues of gods and heroes, a common language & alphabet |
| Greek government | 1. Sparta-monarchy 2. Athens-democracy 3. Corinth-ruled by aristocracy |
| Hinduism | Oldest of major religions that worshipped many gods & goddesses |
| Incas | Located along the Andes Mountains in South America. Accomplishments included building roads across a variety of landscapes. |
| India (ancient) | Located in Pakistan. Produced cotton. Well organized cities. |
| India | Located in south Asia. Resources-works of metal & agriculture. Climate-monsoons & rainy seasons. |
| intermediate directions | The "inbetween" directions on a compass. northwest, southeast |
| Islam | Religion developed 600 years after Christ with Mohhamad. Basic beliefs are one god and Koran. |
| Judaism | Religion developed from Abraham. Basic belief-only one god, Old Testament |
| latitude | Imaginary lines that extend around on a globe, measured in degrees. |
| legends | Symbols & elevations used on a map are explained here. Also known as a key. |
| longitude | Lines on a globe that go from the north pole to the south pole measured in degrees. |
| Mandate of Heaven | The divine right to govern for the good of all people. Heaven would bless a ruler who was just. |
| map symbols | Objects & what they mean that are related to places on a map that have significance. |
| map titles | The name given to a map which is usually found at the top of a map. |
| Mayans | Developed a writing system, calendar, & first group to use "0" in math. Located on present-day Yucatan Peninsula in Middle America. |
| Mesopotamia | Located between the Tigris & Euphrates rivers. Codes of Hammurabi-first written laws. |
| Middle America | Location that begins south of Mexico & ends north of South America. |
| monarchy | government ruled by one person (king, queen, emperor). Monarchy generally rules for life. |
| oligarchy | A few, powerful & wealthy people rule. |
| republic | Government in which the people can choose (elect) who they want to lead their country |
| Roman government | Began during the 9th century. Existed 12 centuries. Senate made up of patricians. Consuls-chosen from patricians. Major accomplishments-new laws & united people in the Roman empire. |
| Rome | Located in Italy on continent of Europe. Landscape has mountains with fertile land on the western side. Climate-warm & moist. Resources-grapes & olives. |
| scarcity of resources | limited amount of goods or services. Choices have to be made with available resources. |
| Shi Huangdi | First Chinese emperor who made a centralized government & standardized the monestary system for trade purposes. |
| Silk Road | A trading route on land that connected Europe & the Roman Empire lands with China in Asia. |
| South America | Continent located south of North America.Landscape -rugged mountains with plateaus & areas where farming can take place, rain forest & grassland. Many world records held here. |
| Sparta | Greek city-state under strict military rule. Located in southern part of Greece. |
| Taoism | English name Daoism. It refers to a power that surrounds living things that had to be experienced to understand nature & the universe. |
| theocracy | Government system where rulers or leaders are believed to represent the will of the gods. |
