| A | B |
|---|
| Atoms | The basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects |
| Three particles in an atom | Protons, Neutrons, Electrons |
| Proton | Has a positive charge; in the atom's nucleus |
| Neutron | Has a neutral charge (no charge); in the atom's nucleus |
| Electron | Has a negative charge; in orbitals around the nucleus |
| Particles in protons and neutrons | Quarks and Gluons |
| Electron Shell Configuration | How many electrons can fit in each orbital: 2 on the first level, 8 on the second level, 18 on the third level; 32 on the fourth level |
| Size of particles from largest to smallest | Neutron, Proton, Electron |
| Element | Made up of atoms, found on periodic table |
| Atomic Mass | Mass of the nucleus of an atom (number of protons + neutrons) |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in an atom (also equal to the number of electrons) |
| Isotope | An atom of the same element, but with a different number of neutrons |
| Compound | Two or more elements bonded together |
| Organic | A substance containing carbon atoms |
| Inorganic | A substance that does not contain carbon atoms |
| 4 types of organic molecules | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids |
| Carbohydrate | Energy rich organic compounds named for their characteristic content of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C, H, O). Examples: cellulose, sugars, starches |
| Energy from a Carbohydrate | 4 kCal per gram |
| Chemical Formula for a Carbohydrate (Glucose) | C6H12O6 |
| Lipids | Energy rich organic compounds (containing more energy than carbohydrates) that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The human body stores fat for future energy needs. Examples: fats, oils, and waxes |
| Energy from a Lipid | 8 kCal per gram |
| Chemical Formula for a Lipid | CH3(CH2)xCOOH |
| Protein | An organic substance containing carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Proteins are chains of amino acids. There are 20 naturally occurring amino acids. Examples: muscles, collagen, finger nails (keratin), enzymes |
| Chemical Formula for a Protein | C2H4O2N (without R group) |
| Amino Acids | The building blocks of protins (changing these gives a different protein - R group) |
| Nucleic Acid | Organic substance containing carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. They contain the instructions to carry out cell processes and functions |
| DNA | Carries genetic information |
| RNA | Involved in making proteins |
