history Tools A B embargo hurt merchants speculators risky investment precedent George Washington capitalists money for factories protective tariff helped merchants cotton gin cleaned fibers tariff tax foreign goods embargo purpose: hurt Britain impressment sailors dumping forced out of business John Jay treaty with Britain John Marshall strengthen port Henry Clay warhawk Samuel Slater first American factory Fulton steamboat neutrality proclamation Washington's Foreign Policy American System help economy Treaty of Ghent end War of 1812 Industrial Revolution handmade to machine made Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions nullify a law Daniel Webster opposed nullification clay compromise tyler first to succeed dead president austin settlers to texas truth anti- slavery speaker suffrage voting cede give up land annex take land secede leave abolitionist end slavery calhoun supported nullification houston led TX army whitney cotton gin mott women's rights dix helped mentally ill nativists know-nothing discrimination african americans forty-niners gold immigrants 1840's & 1850's caucus political meeting sectionalism debate slavery pop. sov. kansas inflation high in south emancipate free slaves freedmen had nothing arsenal harper's ferry black codes limit rights habeas corpus civil rights stowe uncle T's cabin stonewall jackson bull run dix nurse grant accepted Lee's surrender stevens radical in house wilmot outlaw slavery clay compromise 1850 douglas pop. sov. lee led conf. soldiers lincoln emancipation proclamation xyz affair john adams judicial review marbury vs. madison jud. act federal court system tecumseh Indian confederation Simon Bolivar liberator Monroe doctrine europeans out laissez Faire gov't out slave codes keep in line trade unions skilled workers mexican war land gained potato famine Irish douglass best known black abolitionist dred scott decision can't outlaw slavery gettysburg conf. loss jose de san martin argentina adams-onis treaty florida trail of tears Indians west Seneca Falls convention began women's movement American colonization society blacks to africa tariff of abominations foreign goods higher james cooper mohicans missouri compromise slave state compromise of 1850 pop. sov. emancipation proclamation only in confederacy reconstruction plan proposed by radicals Grant led union army fugitive slave law everyone was required to participate 15th amendment ratified for black soldiers scalawags southern republicans