| A | B |
|---|
| Constantinople | Trading Center |
| Justinian | Codified laws, reconquered Roman lands, increased trade |
| Icons | Religious symbols |
| Mosaics | Artwork from stones or arranged colored tiles |
| Hagia Sophia | Byzantine domed church |
| Eastern Church | Greek, Orthodox, Celibacy |
| Western Church | Latin, Roman Catholic, Pope |
| Cyrillic | Cyril combines Greek and Slavic alphabets |
| Libraries | Byzantines preserved texts |
| St Basil's, Moscow | Byzantine influence on Russian architecture |
| Muhammed | Islam's founder/prophet |
| Mecca | Holiest city |
| Allah | Islam for god |
| Quran (Koran) | Muslim holy book |
| Mosque | Muslim place of worship |
| Five Pillars | Central Muslim beliefs |
| Sunni | Majority of Muslim world |
| Shia | Minority of Muslims, traditional |
| Sunni-Shia Split | Argument/Wars over who would succeed Muhammed |
| Tours | Battle in France, Stopped Islam spreadign through Europe |
| Dome of the Rock | Domed mosque in Jerusalem |
| Arabic numerals | 1-9, concept of zero, from India through Arab traders |
| Algebra | Al Kwarizmi |
| Medicine | Ibn Sinna |
| Excommunication | Kick out of Christian Church, can not go to Heaven |
| Tithe | Church tax |
| Monestaries | Preserve knowledge, copy books, set up schools |
| Missionaries | Spread Christianity |
| Parish priests | Local clergy, day-to-day needs of populous |
| Feudal contract | Exchange of land for military service if attacked |
| Lords | Own fief |
| Vassals | Tied to feif by borrowing land from lords |
| Serfs | Poor farmers, vassals |
| Manor system | Created social classes based on jobs |
| Charlemagne | Emperor, Christian, encouraged learning |
| Muslims | Invade Spain, art and architecture still present there |
| Angles and Saxons | Take over England, Pope Gregory send missionaries to convert |
| Magyars | Asia tribesmen, migrate (war) and settle Hungary |
| Vikings | Scandinavian explorers, raided coastal Europe |
| Barbarian influence in Europe | Feudalism for protection, Diffusion |
| William the Conqueror | Takes over England in 1066 |
| Domesday Book | William's census in England. Basis of hereditary title and taxation |
| English Common Law | Trial by jury replaces ordeal. Evidence used in trials. Precedence established. |
| Magna Carta | Limited King's rights through Parliament (tax) Due process (fair trial) and Rule of Law (King had to obey law too.) |
| Hugh Capet | French King, throne in Paris, First Dynasty |
| Hundred Years War | England v France, Nationalism |
| Joan or Arc | Woman leads French army, lifted seize of Orleans, Made Charles king |
| Ferdinand and Isabel | Marriage united two Spanish kingdoms, drove Muslims out in Reconquista |
| Philip II of Spain | Set up an empire by colonizing many areas of the world for Spain |
| Genghis Khan | Mongol leader. Largest empire. Threatened Europe. |
| Ivan the Great | First Czar, drove out Mongols, ruled from Moscow |
| Crusades | Attempt by European Christians to drive Muslems out of Jerusalem |
| First Crusade | Christians retake Jerusalem |
| Crusader Kingdoms (States) | Set up by Crusaders, defend holy land, feudal |
| Pope Urban | orders Crusades to take place at Council of Clermont with a speech |
| Saladin | Muslim king, takes Jerusalem for Muslims before 4th Crusade |
| Fourth Crusade | Crusaders attack and sack Constantinople |
| Ottoman Turks | Invade Europe and take Constantinople |
| Black Death EFFECTS | Decline in population, Lower food production, trade decline, weakened feudalism, weakened Church |
| Scholasticism | Combine Aristotle with Bible |
| Alchemy | Early chemistry, change metals into gold, gunpowder |
