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Chp.6- Genes and Gene Technology

This chapter will teach you about the structure and function of DNA,the process of DNA replication, and the relationship of DNA to traits. You will also learn how DNA is used as a template(pattern) for making proteins and how errors in DNA can lead to mutations and genetic disorders.This chapter also touches briefly on how a pedigree can be used in genetic counseling and the difference between "selective breeding" and "genetic engineering". The games provided will help you learn and study the vocabulary that is used in this chapter.

AB
DNA(pg.128)"deoxyribonucleic acid"- hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell,contains the information to make new cells, and provides instructions for making proteins.
nucleotide(pg.128)a subunit of DNA consisting of a sugar(called "ribose") a phosphate group, and one of four "nitrogenous bases"(A,T,C,or G).
adenine(pg.128)one of the four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of DNA; adenine ALWAYS pairs with thymine.
thymine(pg.128)one of four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of DNA; thymine ALWAYS pairs with adenine.
guanine(pg.128)one of four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of DNA; ALWAYS pairs with cytosine.
cytosine(pg.128)one of four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of DNA; ALWAYS pairs with guanine.
Chargaff's rule(pg.129)states that the amount of adenine in DNA always equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine always equals the amount of cytosine.
double helix(pg.129), the "twisted ladder" shape of DNA.
replicate(pg.131)this means "to make a copy of"
complementary(pg.131)a term used to describe the two sides of a section of a DNA molecule...a sequence such as ACCG always binds to the sequence of TGGC.