| A | B |
|---|
| heredity(pg.106) | the passing of traits from parent to offspring. |
| DNA(pg.128) | short for "deoxyribonucleic acid"- your chromosomes are made of DNA and protein. |
| gene(pg.111) | a segment of DNA that carries heredity instructions and is passed from parent to offspring- located on your chromosomes. |
| chromosome(pg.92) | a coiled structure of DNA and protein that carry the genes. |
| sex chromosomes(pg.119) | the chromosomes that carry genes that determine the sex or "gender" of the offspring...."XX" produces a female and "XY" produces a male. |
| egg(pg.613) | sex cell produced by a female. |
| sperm(pg.613) | sex cell produced by the male |
| fertilization(pg.118) | the joining of the sex cells-the egg and the sperm- can result in the production of new offspring |
| alleles(pg.111) | two forms of the same gene that control a certain trait. Dominant alleles are symbolized by capital letters, and recessive alleles with lowercase letters. |
| dominant trait(pg.109) | the trait that is seen when AT LEAST ONE DOMINANT ALLELE for a characteristic is inherited. |
| recessive trait(pg.109) | the trait that is "masked" by the dominant trait and only shows whenTWO RECESSIVE ALLELES for the same characteristic are inherited. |
| genotype(pg.111) | an organism's inherited combination of alleles. |
| phenotype(pg.111) | an organism's actual inherited appearance. |
| pure dominant(homozygous dominant) | the genotype that consists of TWO DOMINANT ALLELES...ALWAYS results in the offspring showing the DOMINANT trait. |
| pure recessive(homozygous recessive) | the genotype that consists of TWO RECESSIVE ALLELES... ALWAYS results in the offspring showing the RECESSIVE trait. |
| hybrid(heterozygous) | the genotype that consists of ONE DOMINANT ALLELE AND ONE RECESSIVE ALLELE. This combination ALWAYS results in the offspring showing the DOMINANT trait. |
| true-breeding(pg.108) | parent organisms that always produce the same traits as itself--pure dominant always produces the dominant trait and pure recessive always produces the recessive trait. |
| self-pollinating(pg.107) | process used by plants that have BOTH MALE AND FEMALE reproductive structures on the same plant. |
| cross-pollinating(pg.108) | process used by plants where the pollen from one plant is used to fertilize a different plant...lets you decide which pollen(male sex cells of plants) to use so you can control the plant's characteristics. |
| probability(pg.112) | the mathematical chance that an event will or will not occur. |
| Punnett square(pg.111) | a type of diagram proposed by the mathematician Reginald Punnett which can be used to visualize all the possible combinations of alleles from the parents. |
| flower (290) | adaptations for sexual reproduction in some plants- come in many different shapes, colors, and fragrances that attract pollinators or catch the wind. |
| sepals (290) | special leaf-like structures that surround the bottom of a flower. They protect the immature flower when it is just a "bud". |
| petals (290) | broad, flat, and thin leaf-like structures on a flower that vary greatly in shape and color... they attract insects and other animals to the flower for help in transferring pollen. |
| stamen (291) | the MALE reproductive structure of a flower. Consists of a thin stalk called a "FILAMENT" and a sac-like structure on the top called the "ANTHER". |
| filament (291) | thin stalk that supports the ANTHER portion of the STAMEN. |
| anther (291) | sac-like structure that produces POLLEN GRAINS which are the male reproductive cells in a flower. |
| pollen tube (300) | a tube that forms after a pollen grain lands on the STIGMA... it grows down through the STYLE to the OVARY. The sperm cell inside the POLLEN GRAIN moves down the POLLEN TUBE into an OVULE. When the sperm cell fuses with the egg inside the OVULE, fertilization has occured. |
| pistil (291) | the FEMALE reproductive structure of a flower. Consists of the STIGMA, the STYLE, and the OVARY. |
| stigma (291) | the tip of the PISTIL... often sticky or feathery to collect POLLEN GRAINS. |
| style (291) | the long, slender portion of the PISTIL between the stigma and the OVARY. |
| ovary (291) | the rounded base of the PISTIL...contains one or more OVULE, each of which contains an egg. |
| ovule (291) | structure found in the OVARY of the PISTIL that will develop into a SEED if it is fertilized. |
| seed (301) | this is what a FERTILIZED OVULE becomes...each one contains a tiny plant. |
| germination (302) | the early "sprouting" or growth of a SEED. |
