| A | B |
|---|
| This was the federal government effort to repair the damage to the South and to restore the southern states to the Union. | Reconstruction |
| Why was there a debate over who should be in charge of reconstruction? | Succession is not in the Constution so both President Lincoln and Congress thought they had the right to be in charge of Reconstruction. |
| What was President Lincoln's Plan for Reconstruction? | It offered a pardon to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegience to the Union, it denied pardons to all confederate military and government, When a 10% of a state's prewar voters took the oath, they could establish a state government and apply for readmission, the new state Constitutions must prohibit slavery |
| This was a group in Congress who thought the Civil War was fought to give African Americans the right to vote. | Radical Republicans |
| what was the Wade-Davis Bill? | Congress plan for Reconstruction. |
| What was Congress' plan for Reconstruction? | ex-Confederate men had to take an oath of past and future loyalty, any who had aided the Confederacy could not vote, new state governments had to prohibit slavery and guarantee black southerners "equality before the law" |
| Did President Lincoln sign the Wade-Davis Bill? | no, he used the pocket veto |
| What is a pocket veto? | The President does not sign or veto the bill. If the President vetos the bill, he has to write down why he vetoed it. If there is less than 10 days of Congress left and the President does not act on a bill, it just dies. |
| Johnson's plan for reconstruction was called what? | Presidential Reconstruction. |
| What was the Presidential Reconstruction Plan? | It pardoned southerners who swore allegieance to the Union, it permitted each state to hold a Constitutional Convention (without Lincoln's 105), states were required to void secession, abolish slavery, and ratify the 13th amendment. |
| He was the Secretary of State who purchased Alaska. | William Seward, which is why it was called "Seward's Ice Box" and "Seward's Folly" |
| What was the Freedman's Bureau? | It was set up to help black southerners adjust to freedom. It gave out clothing, meals, and medical supplies and they also set up bureau schools. |
| What were black codes? | Laws that restricted freedmen's rights. They could not gather after sunset, those not working could be fined, whipped, or sold for year's labor. |
| What legislation outlawed the black codes? | The Civil Rights Act of 1865 |
| What was the 14th amendment? | It stated that all native born or naturalized persons were citizens of the United States and their state. |
| What does it mean that President Johnson had no "mandate to govern" | A mandate is voter approval of a politician's policies that is immplied when he or she wins an election. |
| They were a small number of republicans who did not agree with the mainstream. | Radical Republicans |
| What is a moderate? | Someone who supports the mainstream view of their political party |
| What are civil rights? | citizen's peronal liberties guaranteed by law, such as voting rights and equal treatment |
| What was the Reconstruction Act of 1867? | The South was put under military rule under a northern general, southern states had to elect delegates to create new state constitutions, all males were to vote in elections (including African Americans), southerners who had supported the confederacy couldn't vote, southern states had to guarantee equal rights to everyone, it required states to ratify the 14th amendment |
| What does the term impeachment mean? | to bring charges against |
| What was the Tenure of Office Act? | It said that the Senate had to aprove the firing of officials |
| Why was President Johnson impeached? | He fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and the Senate had not approved it so he was charged with wrongdoing in office. |
| Which House brings the impeachment charges against an official? | The House |
| Which House of Congress conducts the trial? | The Senate |
| Was President Johnson found guilty of high crimes and misdemeanors? | no, by one vote |
| Who are the only two Presidents to every be impeached? | President Andrew Johnson and President Clinton |
| What is the 15th amendment? | It says that no citizen may be denied the right to vote by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude |
| What was the Supreme Court Case Texas vs. White? | The Supreme Court upheld Congress' right to restructure southern governments |
| What were carpetbaggers? | Northern Republicans who moved to postwar South. The name meant they had rushed in to profit from Southern misery |
| What was a Scalawag? | A white Southern Republican |
| What was sharecropping? | A sharecropper worked for the planter and then received a portion of the crop for his pay. They were usually in debt and could not leave until the debt was paid. |
| What were tenant farmers? | Farmers who did not own the land, but rented it. They chose what to plant and when to work so they had a higher social class than sharecroppers. |
| What was the Southern Homestead Act? | It offered low-cost land to Southerners who would farm it. |
| What type of product did most Southern industries produce? | raw materials such as lumber, which was shipped to northern factories. The north made finished products so they had bigger profits |
| The idea that the growth of industry wouldbring better times for everyone was called ______. | "the gospel of prosperity" |
| What is infrastructure? | The public property and services that a society uses. The South's infrastructure had to be rebuilt. |
| This was a social club that started in Tennessee and its members were mainly ex-Confederates who were not allowed to participate in politics. They wanted to restore the superiority of the white race. | the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) |
| What was the Enforcement Act of 1870? | It banned the use of terror or force to prevent people from voting. |
| Why did Reconstruction become a dying issue? | It came to symbolize greed, corruption, and poor government. When federal troops withdrew from the South, more freedmen were prevented from voting, there was a nationwide economic downturn in 1873 that diverted public attention from the movement. |
| What was the Solid South? | A group of ex-confederate who were pardoned and made up a new block of democratic voters called the Solid South |
| What was the Compromise of 1877? | It said that Democrats would give Rutherford B. Hayes the Presidency if he agreed to remove the remaining federal troops from Southern States. |
| What were some of the success of Reconstruction? | Republicans rebuilt the Union and helped to repair the South, stimulated economic growth in the South, 14th and 15th amendments guraranteed African Americans equal protection under the law and suffrage, Freedman's Bureau set up schools and helped many African Americans get a new start, South adopted mandatory tax-supported education for blacks and whites. |
| What were some of the failures of Reconstruction? | Most black southerners remained in a cycle of poverty, When federal troops left, organizations like the KKK moved in, racist attitudes continued in the North and South, Lasting bitterness in the South towards the government and the Republican party, The South's economy continued to emphasize agriculture and was behind the industrialized north, it did not address concerns of regulating the railroads, working conditions, and advocates of women's suffrage |
| What was the most famous scandal during Grant's administration? | The Whiskey Ring, a network of IRS officers and whiskey distillers reduced taxes on whiskey and pocketed the unreported revenue. The Treasury Department was also tied to this scandal. |
| Who was Hiram Revels? | he was the first African American to serve in the U.S. Senate |
| This law set aside 45 million acres of government owned land to provide free farms for African Americans | Southern Homestead Act |
| What were the redeemers? | Southern Democrats who won their states back from the Republicans. Many were former Confederate leaders. |
| When did Reconstruction end? | when the last federal troops were removed from the South |
