| A | B |
|---|
| Nutrients | chemicals from foods that your body uses to carry out functions. |
| Digestion | process of breaking down food into useable nutrients. |
| Absorption | the passage of nutrients into the blood. |
| Phytochemicals | substances occuring naturally in plant foods. |
| Beta-carotene | substance in foods and vegetables that give them their bright yellow,orange,or green color. |
| Carbohydrates | body's main source of energy. |
| Simple Carbohydrates | sugars found in foods. |
| Complex Carbohydrates | carbohydrates that provide the main source of fiber for the body. |
| Starch | a polysaccharide found in grain and vegetables. |
| Fiber | a complex carbohydrate found in undigestable food parts. |
| Sugar | a carbohydrate consisting of sucrose. |
| Maltose | double sugar that occurs as a result of the digestion of grain. |
| Fructose | simple sugar in fruit and honey. |
| Glucose | body cells need this sugar to produce energy.(simple sugar) |
| Sucrose | a disaccharide such as granulated sugar and brown sugar. |
| Lactose | sugar found in milk that is a disaccharide. |
| Vitamins | chemicals found in food that regulate vital body functions. |
| Antioxidants | substances that protect body cells and immune system from harmful chemicals in air,food, and tobacco smoke. |
| Water-soluble vitamins | vitamins that dissolve in water and pass easily into bloodstream.(Vitamins C,B) |
| Thiamin or B1 | helps turn carbohydrates into energy and maintains nervous system. |
| Riboflavin or B2 | helps release body energy from carbohydrates,fats,and proteins |
| Niacin or B3 | needed for healthy nervous system |
| B6 | helps body use carbohydrates and proteins |
| Folic Acid or folate | helps prevent birth defects and build red blood cells |
| B12 | helps nervous system and works with folate to build red blood cells. |
| Panthothenic acid or B5 | helps body produce cholesterol abd keeps nervous system healthy. |
| Biotin | helps body use carbohydrates,fats,and proteins. |
| Fat Soluble Vitamins | stored in body tisses |
| Vitamin D | helps body use calcium and build strong bones and teeth |
| Vitamin E | antioxidant |
| Vitamin K | needed for blot to clot normally |
| Vitamin A | protects body from infection,helps with night vision and helps maintain healthy skin,bones,and teeth. |
| Proteins | nutrient used to build and repair body tissues. |
| Complete Proteins | this protein contains 9 essential acids |
| Incomplete Proteins | proteins lacking emino acids from plant foods. |
| Amino Acids | chains of chemical building blocks from which proteins are made. |
| Fats | nutrient that protects internal organs from injury. |
| Saturated Fats | fats that raise the LDL cholesterol in the blood.(bad cholesterol) |
| Unsaturated Fats | fats that raise the HDL cholesterol in the blood.(healthy cholesterol) |
| Hydrogenated | a chemical process to make fat firmer in texture |
| Cholesterol | a fatlike substance present in body cells and found in food sources from animals such as eggs. |
| HDL | healthy cholesterol in blood |
| LDL | lethal (unhealthy) cholesterol in blood |
| Transfatty Acids | type of fat where extra hydrogen atoms are added to make it firmer in texture |
| Lipids | fats |
| Tryglycerides | combination of fatty acids and glycerol. |
| Food Allergies | Physical reaction to specific foods. |
| Obesity | Excessive body fat(20% above average) |
| Malnutrition | poor nutrition |
| Over Weight | Weight 10-20% above average |
| Under Weight | Weight 10-15% below average |
| Diet | food you eat |
| Anorexia Nervosa | eating disorder shown by psychologically induced lack of appetite. |
| Bulimia | Eating disorder in which a person binges and purges. |
| See Saw Diet | on and off eating |
| Fasting | going without food for a period of time |
| Maintenance Program | a program to maintain a balance between activity and the foods you eat. |
| Basal Metabolism(BMR) | Rate at which energy is needed for body maintenance. |
| Dietary Guidelines | General goals for optimal nutrient intake. |
| Calories | Energy value in foods. |
| Nutrient Dense | Nutrient value of foods compared to calories. |
| Supplements | Nutrients added to what a person eats.(Vitamin pills etc.) |
| Life Cycle | The stages of life through infancy through adulthood. |
| Registered Dietitian | Health Care professional trained to help patients maintain good nutrition. |
| Vegetarian | Person who eats only foods from plant sources. |
| Water | Major componets of living cells.(hydrogen and oxygen) |
| Dehydration | Having lost large amounts of water. |
| Hydration | Having added large amounts of water. |
| Nutrient Defiency | Lacking nutrients. |
| Diabetes | disease in which body lacks normal ability to metabolize glucose. |
| Heart Disease | Disease affecting heart and vessels. |
| Cancer | Disease caused by abnormal cell growth with unknown cause. |
| High Cholesterol | Physical condition caused by too much cholesterol in blood. |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure |
| Osteoporosis | condition in which the bones become brittle because of calcium loss. |
| Rickets | disease caused by lack of Vit. D that causes malformed bones and pain in infants. |
| Beri-Beri | disease caused by lack of Vitamin B1(thiamin)affects nervous system,gastrointestinal system and cardiovascular system.(muscles degenerate) |
| Kwashiorkor | disease caused by extreme lack of protein.(Causes fat to accumulate on liver.May Cause mental retardation) |
| Pellarga | disease caused by lack of niacin.(causes sores,diarrhea,and may lead to death) |
| Scurvy | disease caused by lack of vitamin C.(Causes gingivitis,poor wound healing and bruises.) |
| Anemia | condtion caused by insufficient number of red blood cells.(causes person to feel weak and tired with a poor appetite. |
| Minerals | Inorganic substances essential to life. |
| Electrolyte | a chemical compound that in water breaks into electrically charged atoms called ions. |
| Major minerals | minerals our body needs in large amounts such as calcium. |
| Calcium | mineral that helps build and maintain bones and teeth. |
| Phosphorus | works with calcium to build strong bones and teeth. |
| Magnesium | helps build bones and helps nerves and muscles work normally. |
| Sodium(electrolyte) | helps maintain fluid balance in body and regulates blood pressure. |
| Chloride(electrolyte) | maintain fluid balance and transmits nerve signals. |
| Potassium(electrolyte) | helps maintain fluid in body and maintains heartbeat. |
| Trace Minerals | minerals needed by body in small amounts. |
| Iron | minerla that delivers oxygen to body tissues.Found in meat,poultry, and fish. |
| Iodine | mineral necessary for thyroid gland to function properly.found in seafood and salt |
| Zinc | Essential for growth and wound healing.Found in protein foods. |
| Selenium | enzyme found in most body tissues.found in liver,seafood,and muscle meats. |
| Copper | helps with formation of hemoglobin.found in fish and organ meat. |
| Fluoride | mineral that strengthens bones and teeth.found in water and fish. |
