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| geography | study of the earth in all it variety- land, water, plants,a nd animals |
| Map Key | a guide that shows what things stand for |
| Physical map | illustrates divisions between geography forms-mountains, plateaus, or deserts |
| Regions | area that shares common characteristics |
| Climate | usual, predictable pattern of weather in an area over a long period of time |
| continent | one of the seven large masses of the earth: Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, North America, South America, and Antarctica |
| Isthmus | narrow piece of land that connects two larger pieces of land |
| equator | the great imaginary circle around the Earth and it divides the earth's surface into the norther and southern hemispheres. |
| cardinal directions | North, South, West, and East |
| compass rose | a guide showing you how the cardinal directions relate to a map |
| globe | a spherical representation of earth |
| almanac | annual publication having calendars with weather forecasts, astronomical information, and other useful facts. |
| migration | to move from one place to another |
| push factor | factors that attract people to new destinations |
| Region | area that shares common characteristics |
| natural resources | the industrial materials and the capacities that are supplied by nature such as minerals, oil forests, and water |
| population | the total number of people in a given area, country, or city |
| immigration | the movement of individuals into a country |
| urbanization | movement into cities |
| metropolitan areas | a large or capital city of a state, region or country |
| environment | natural surroundings |
| demographer | a person that studies the characteristics of human population, such as growth, size, and vital statistics |
| irrigation | to water the land or crops artificially, as by means of ditches or sprinklers |
| drought | long period of extreme dryness and water shortages |
| prairie | a wide area of level or rolling land with grass and weeds but no trees |
| tundra | vast, rolling, treeless plain in high latitude climates in which only the top few inches of ground thaw in summer |
| fjord | a steep-sided valley cut into mountains by the action of glaciers |
| province | regional political division similar to a state |
| territory | an area, usually of great size, which is controlled by a particular government. |
