| A | B |
|---|
| Under this Act, the Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroads received huge grants of land from the Federal Government. | Pacific Railway Acts |
| What did railroads do with the land they received under the Pacific Railway Acts? | sold the land to settlers |
| Under this act, the government distributed land to state governments and they could sell the land to fund agriculture land grant colleges and also established the Federal Department of Agriculture | Morrill Land Grant Act |
| People who buy large areas of land in the hope of later selling it for a profit. | speculators |
| This act offered 160 acres to anyone who could meet the requirements. | Homestead Act |
| What were the requirements a settler had to meet under the Homestead Act? | 21 years old or head of a family, American citizen or an immigrant who had filed for citizenship, pay $10 registration fee, build a house and live on the claim, had to farm the land for five consecutive years |
| This was sometimes called prairie fever? | Typhoid fever |
| African Americans who came to the west after the Civil War in order to escape Reconstruction were called ________. | Exodusters |
| People who moved onto land that didn't belong to them were called ___________. | Squatters |
| What was the first state whose constitution granted women the right to vote? | Wyoming |
| Under this act, Native Americans were moved west of the Mississippi and into Oklahoma. | Indian Removal Act |
| Whowas the President who supported the Indian Removal Act? | Andrew Jackson |
| Why did white settlers feel they had a greater right to the land than Native Americans? | Because they improved the land by producing more food and wealth than the Native Americans did. |
| Federal lands set aside for Native Americans were called ________. | Reservations |
| Which Native American tribe settled on a reservation in New Mexico? | Navajo |
| He was the leader of the Apache Tribe. | Geronimo |
| Which Native American tribe mounted the most resistance to white settlers taking their land? | Sioux |
| Who was the leader of the Sioux tribe? | Sitting Bull |
| The Sioux agreed to move to a reservation in what territory? | Dakota Territory |
| Why did the Second Sioux War start? | The government allowed miners to go into the black hills on the Sioux reservation |
| When the Sioux left the Dakota reservation, who was sent in to round them up? | General George C. Custer |
| Where was General Custer Killed? | The Battle of Little Bighorn |
| Why has the Battle of Little Bighorn been remembered? | It was the last Indian victory as the federal government flooded the area with troops. |
| What was the Massacre at Wounded Knee? | While the Sioux were handing over their weapons, someone fired a shot andthe soldiers open fired and killed 200 unarmed Sioux |
| Who said "I am tired of fighting...From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever." | Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce |
| This Act gave separate plots of land to each Native American family headed by a male. | Dawes Act |
| This farming technique involves planting crops that do not require much water and keeping the weeds out of fields. | dry farming |
| Where was gold first discovered? | Sutter's Mill in California |
| Where was there a famous silver strike? | Comstock Lode in Nevada |
| What is placer mining? | Where loose dirt is shoveled into boxes and water is run over it and the precious metals remain |
| Who taught Americans living in Texas the cattle ranching ways? | Mexicans living in Texas |
| This was the first town built especially for receiving cattle. | Abilene, KS |
| This trail linked San Antonia with Abilene. | Chisholm |
| Where did the Goodnight-Loving Trail end? | Cheyenne |
| What caused the end of the cattle drive? | The invention of barbed wire, cattlement's own overstocking the market and allowing the herd to overgraze the range, harsh winters and summer droughts |
| who invented barbed wire? | Joseph Glidden |
| This was the first national park and was established to preserve western lands. | Yellowstone National Park |
| What was Turner's frontier thesis? | It said that frontier life created Americans that were ready for adventure, bent on self-improvement, and committed to democracy |
| what were some problems with Turner's frontier thesis? | It did not take into account the contributions of women, Native Americans, African Americans, the Spanish, or the Chinese and Japanese and did not acknowledge the role big business investments in the west. |
| What did Native Americans call the African Americans who served in the U.S. army? | buffalo soldiers |
| Why do frontier myths remain? | literature, songs, and films about the era. |
| A form of mining in which deep shafts are cut in the earth to extract ore | Hard-Rock Mining |
| This type of mining uses water under high pressure to blast away dirt and expose the desirable minerals | hydraulic |
| In what ways did cowboys believe sheep ruined the grass for cattle? | They believed the sheep destroyed the grass roots |
| Why did the Sioux want the Bozeman Trail closed? | People following the trail were passing through Sioux hunting grounds |
| He was removed from his command because of his role in the Battle of Wounded Knee | James Forsyth |
| He urged African Americans to move to Kansas | Benjamin "Pap" Singleton |
| They declared the frontier was closed | The Census Bureau |
| Who managed Native American Reservations | Bureau of Indian Affairs |
| He developed a new plow with a sharper edge | James Oliver |
| He led the army troops to kill women, children, and the elderly in the Sand Creek Massacre | John Chivington |
| He initiated the Ghost Dance | Wovoka |
| This term means to be absorbed into another society. | assimilate |
| places where many jobs are available | boomtowns |
