| A | B |
|---|
| Physical line of defense that protects body against foreign agents: | 1st line of defense |
| Organs/tissues that make up body's 1st line of defense: | skin, mucous membranes, mucus, tears |
| Name the line of defense: The inflammatory response - | 2nd line of defense |
| Name the line of defense: The immune response in which antibodies attack foreign agents - | 3rd line of defense |
| Immunity acquired by exposure to infectious disease or vaccination | active immunity |
| Any substances that cause an allergic reaction are called: | allergens |
| Proteins produced by B cells in response to antigens are called: | antibodies |
| A protein on surface of pathogen that stimulates production of antibody: | antigens |
| Disease where body fails to recognize its own tissue as "self" and launches attack which causes chronic inflammation: | autoimmune disease |
| A type of white blood cell that forms in bone marrow & creates antibodies: | B cells |
| Single-celled, often parasitic microbe without distinct nuclei: | bacteria |
| The soft reddish substance inside bones where there is production of blood cells: | bone marrow (red) |
| Surface proteins on cells that distinguish organism as “self” or “non-self”: | cell markers |
| A group of proteins manufactured in the liver, which assist antibodies & kill pathogens: | complement system |
| Abnormally high body temperature: | fever |
| The reaction of the body to an antigen, such as bacteria, virus, parasite, allergen, or tumor cell: | immune response |
| The system that defends the body against attacks from foreign substances and pathogens: | immune system |
| Term that refers to body's ability to resist a particular disease, whether existing naturally or as a result of vaccination or previous infection: | immunity |
| Proteins, also known as antibodies, that are produced by B cells: | immunoglobulins (gammaglobulins) |
| Process by which body responds to harmful organisms by attempting to wall of or contain invasion at point of entry: | inflammatory response |
| Proteins produced by T cells in response to attack by a virus: | interferon |
| What is the fluid-like plasma in blood that contains lymphocytes? | lymph |
| Small bean-shaped structures strung along lymph vessels that store cells that fight infection: | lymph nodes |
| Small white blood cells that are major components of immune system: | lymphocytes |
| What are the two main types of lymphocytes? | T cells and B cells |
| Hormones that enhance the function of leukocytes: | lymphokines |
| Large white blood cells that "eats" cellular debris, harmful microbes & foreign material: | macrophages |
| Cells that live longer & can "remember" specific antigens it responded to in past: | memory B cells |
| another name for microorganism: | microbe |
| A type of cytotoxic leukocyte that plays major role in rejection of tumors: | natural cell killers |
| An animal or plant that lives in or on a host & obtains nourishment from host without benefiting it: | parasite |
| What are parasitic worms that live inside hosts? | helminthes |
| Type of immunity from disease acquired by transfer of antibodies from pregnant mother to fetus via the placenta: | passive immunity |
| Microbes that can cause disease; germs (virus, bacteria, fungi, parasites): | pathogens |
| Term for white blood cells that engulf and ingest cellular debris and microbes: | phagocytes |
| Condition in which body has an exaggerated response to a substance (e.g. food or drug). Also known as hypersensitivity: | allergy |
| A drug that fights bacterial infections: | antibiotic |
| Foreign substances/pathogens that enter the body & trigger an immune response, usually the production of antibodies: | antigens |
| Vaccine in which live virus is weakened in order to produce an immune response without causing the disease. (Also known as a live vaccines): | attenuated vaccine (Attenuated vaccines currently licensed in the United States include measles, mumps, rubella, polio, yellow fever & varicella) |
| Additional doses of a vaccine needed periodically to "boost" the immune system: | booster shots |
| Development of a disease despite a person's having a vaccine: | breakthrough infection |
| Disease that can be transmitted from one person to another: | communicable disease (also known as "infectious") |
| Having large percentage of population vaccinated in order to prevent spread of certain infectious diseases: | community immunity (sometimes called "herd immunity") |
| A protein found in the blood that fights infection. Also known as gamma globulin: | immune globulin |
| Vaccines made from viruses & bacteria that have been killed through physical or chemical processes so that they cannot cause disease: | inactive vaccines |
| Vaccine that has been approved by FDA for use in clinical trials on humans, but not licensed for use in general public because still in testing & evaluation phase: | investigational vaccine |
| Contagious viral disease marked by the eruption of red circular spots on skin: | measles |
| Acute contagious viral illness marked by swelling, especially of parotid glands: | mumps |
| An acute infectious viral disease characterized by fever, paralysis, & atrophy of skeletal muscles: | poliomyelitis (polio) |
| Viral infection that is milder than normal measles but as damaging to fetus when it occurs early in pregnancy: | rubella (German measles) |
| Measurement of antibodies, and other immunological properties, in the blood serum: | serology |
| Toxin-producing bacterial disease marked by painful muscle spasms: | tetanus |
| An acute contagious disease characterized by papular and vesicular lesions: | varicella: (Chickenpox) |
| Presence of virus in blood: | viremia |
| A tiny organism that multiplies within cells & are not affected by antibiotics: | virus |
| Loss of protective antibodies over time: | waning immunity |
| Phagocytes known as "big eaters": | macrophage |
| Phagocytes that are the "foot soldiers" of WBCs; make up about 60-70% WBCs: | neutrophils |
| These phagocytes develop into macrophages: | monocytes |
| These cells have limited phagocytic activity, but can destroy large parasites: | eosinophils |
| These cells release histamines during the inflammatory process: | basophils |
| Cells that will attack the cancerous body's cells or those that are infected by a virus: | Natural Killer cells |
| Hormones that can suppress the immune system: | steroids/corticosteroids |
