| A | B |
|---|
| REVIVALS | emotional gatherings where people came together to hear sermons and declare their faith |
| GREAT AWAKENING | a widespread Christian movement involving sermons and revivals that emphasized fiath in God (1730s and 1740s) |
| JONATHAN EDWARDS | one of the most important leaders of the Great Awakening who gave dramatic sermons urging sinners to seek forgiveness for their sins or face punishment in Hell forever |
| CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH | Jonathan Edward's church in Northampton, Massachusetts |
| GEORGE WHITEFIELD | a British minister who made seven trips to America during the Great Awakening held revivals across the colonies |
| SINNERS IN THE HANDS OF AN ANGRY GOD | the name of the 1741 sermon by Jonathan Edwards |
| OLD LIGHTS | colonists who followed the traditional churches |
| NEW LIGHTS | colonists who were followed the new ministers of the Great Awakening |
| GILBERT TENNENT | Presbyterian minister who supported the ideas of the Great Awakening |
| GALILEO GALILEI | one of the leading figures in the Scientific Revolution who demonstrated that the planets revolve around the sun |
| SIR ISAAC NEWTON | Scientific Revolution scientist who explained how objects on Earth and in the sky behaved and developed much of the scientific method used today |
| SCIENTIFIC METHOD | process in which a person carefully examines natural events and then forms theories from experiments and observations |
| ENLIGHTENMENT | Age of Reason, in which thinkers applied reason and logic to the study of human nature and the improvement of society |
| SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION | historical era that began in the 1600s, in which western Europeans began to search for new information about the fundamental llaws that govern nature and the universe |
| JOHN LOCKE | Enlightenment philosopher who argued that in the social contract, people voluntarily obey their rulers only when the state fulfills its responsibility to protect people's life, liberty, and property |
| NEW ENGLAND PRIMER | book used throughout the American colonies that taught reading through Biblical characters and stories |
| AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY | group founded in 1743 in Philadelphia for the purpose of improving communication among colonial scientists |
| DAVID RITTENHOUSE | astronomer who designed astronomical and mathematical instruments |
| BENJAMIN BANNEKER | African-American astronomer who published his work in an almanac |
| JOHN BARTRAM | American botanist who traveled throughout the colonies studying plants and founded a botanical garden |
| BENJAMIN FRANKLIN | person who founded the first subscription library in the colonies and who invented the lightning rod, a type of stove, and bifocal eyeglasses |
| POOR RICHARD'S ALMANACK | newspaper published and written by Benjamin Franklin from 1732 to 1757 |
| RICHARD SAUNDERS | the made-up name under which Benjamin Franklin published Poor Richard's Almanack |
| ANNE BRADSTREET | New England poet whose book The Tenth Muse reflected her love for her family and her dedication to her faith |
| PHILLIS WHEATLEY | African-American poet who used religious language and imagery in her poetry |
