| A | B |
|---|
| landform | a shape of the land, such as a mountain, plain, or plateau |
| volcano | a mountain formed by hardened lava with an opening through which lava, ashes, rocks, and other materials may come out |
| magma | hot, melted rock that lies deep inside the earth |
| lava | magma that reaches the earth's surface |
| mountains | rise at least 1,969 ft. above the land around them |
| plains | flatland, but often have small hills |
| plateauts | flat on the surface, but higher than the land around them |
| geologists | scientists who study the structure and layers of the earth |
| crust | top layer of the earth |
| mantle | middle layer of the earth - it is about 1,800 miles thick |
| core | center of the earth |
| water | makes up 3/4 of the earth's surface |
| dormant volcano | one that is resting/sleeping - it could possibly erupt again |
| crater | a bowl-shaped opening at the top of the volcano |
| vent | magma moves through this pipe-like crack to the earth's surface |
| gases, pieces of rock, ashes, and steam | erupt from the volcano |
| earthquake | the shaking of the ground caused by rock movement along a fault |
| fault | a crack in the earth's crust along which rocks move - faults can move up, down and sideways |
| San Andreas Fault | famous fault in the U.S. (California) where there have been several major earthquakes |
| plates | sections of rocks that make up the top layer of the earth's crust |
| Richter Scale | measures the strength of earthquakes |
| active volcano | one that is erupting |
| extinct volcano | one that can no longer erupt |
