| A | B |
|---|
| Setting | time and place |
| Tone | a manner of expressing what speaker feels |
| Theme | an insight into life, what the author teaches |
| Characterization | the author tells directly or indirectly about the characters |
| Foreshadowing | using clues to hint at what might happen in the future |
| Analogy | relationships between words |
| Irony | surprising or unexpected outcomes |
| Allusion | referring to another work of literature |
| Flashback | going back in time earlier than the main story |
| Point of view | the vantage point from which the story is told |
