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| The evolutionary creation of new species is called ______. | speciation |
| Evolution above the species level (ie - the kind that creates new species) is called _______. | macroevolution |
| Evolutionary change that occurs within one species but doesn't immediately lead to speciation is called ______. | microevolution |
| A branching pattern of evolutionary change is called ______. | cladogenesis,  |
| A linear pattern of evolutionary change is called ______. | anagenesis,  |
| The pattern of evolutionary change shown below is called _______., | anagenesis, |
| The pattern of evolutionary change shown below is called _______., | cladogenesis, |
| The biological species concept defines a species as a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to _______ in nature and produce ______ but are unable to do the same with members of other populations. | interbreed, viable fertile offspring |
| _______ isolation is the existence of biological factors that impede members of two different species from producing viable fertile offspring. | Reproductive |
| ______ barriers cause biological isolation by impeding mating between species or by hindering the fertilization of ova if members of different species attempt to mate. | Prezygotic |
| Habitat isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolation, mechanical isolation, and gametic isolation are all examples of _______. | prezygotic barriers |
| _____ isolation occurs when mating is impeded because organisms don't hang out in the same type of area. | Habitat |
| ____ isolation occurs when mating is impeded due to two populations having different mating seasons from each other. | Temporal |
| ____ isolation occurs when mating is impeded due to incompatible courtship rituals. | behavioral isolation,  |
| ____ isolation occurs when mating is impeded due to incompatible genitalia. | Mechanical (in other words, the bits don't fit) |
| ____ isolation occurs when there is reproductive isolation due to the inability of sperm to fuse with the egg and form a zygote. | gametic |
| ______ barriers cause biological isolation due to the inability of the hybrid zygote to develop into a viable fertile adult. | Postzygotic |
| Reduced hybrid viability, reduced hybrid fertility, and hybrid breakdown are examples of ______. | Postzygotic barriers |
| Hybrids often don't develop correctly (and spontaneously abort) or are born too frail for survival. (What type of postzygotic barrier does this statement describe?) | Reduced hybrid viability |
| Hybrids are often sterile. (What type of postzygotic barrier does this statement describe?) | Reduced hybrid fertility |
| Hybrids are sometimes fertile, but their offspring become less and less fertile with each successive generation. (What type of postzygotic barrier does this statement describe?) | Hybrid breakdown |
| Some limitations of the Biological Species Concept include the fact that the definition is hard to apply to _____, _____, and organisms about which little is known regarding their reproduction. | asexual organisms, fossils |
| The ____ concept cannot be applied to asexual organisms, fossils, or organisms about which little is known regarding their reproduction. | biological species concept |
| The ______ species concept characterizes a species in terms of its body shape, size, and other structural features. | morphological |
| The ______ species concept focuses on morphologically discrete species known only from the fossil record. | paleontological |
| The _____ species concept views a species in terms of its niche. | ecological |
| The ____________ species concept defines a species as a set of organisms with a unique genetic history. | phylogenetic |
| _______ speciation happens when a new species forms while geographically isolated from its parent population. | Allopatric |
| _______ speciation happens when a small population becomes a new species without geographic separation. | Sympatric ("patric" refers to homeland/country while "sym" means same. Sympatric speciation occurs in an organism's homeland while allopatric speciation occurs in a different homeland from the parent population) |
| Allopatric speciation occurs when gene flow is interrupted or reduced when a population is divided into two or more _______ isolated subpopulations. | geographically |
| ______ is the presence of extra sets of chromosomes in cells due to accidents during cell division and is a common source of speciation among ____. | polyploidy, plants |
| A(n) ______ is an individual that has more than two chromosome sets, all derived from a single species. | autopolyploid,  |
| A(n) _____ is a species with multiple sets of chromosomes derived from different species. | allopolyploid,  |
| _______ is the evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor upon introduction to new environmental opportunities. | Adaptive radiation (Darwin's finches from the Galapagos are a classic example),  |
| The _______ model of evolutionary change describes evolution as happening in short fast spurts followed by long periods of little change. | Punctuated Equilibrium,  |
| The _______ model of evolutionary change describes evolution as happening slowly and steadily. | Gradualism, |
| A(n) ______ is a structure that originally evolved for a different purpose than the one it has presently. | exaptation (ex: Feathers probably evolved for insulation and were later modified to help with flight) |
| _____ is an evolutionary change in the rate or timing of developmental events and can have a significant impact on body shape. | Heterochrony |
| ______ is the proportioning that helps give a body its specific form. | Allometric growth,  |
Different _________ patterns contribute to the contrasting shapes of human and chimpanzee skulls.,  | allometric, |
| In ______, the rate of reproductive development accelerates compared to somatic development, leading to sexually mature species that retain body features that were juvenile structures in an ancestral species. | paedomorphosis (This adult aquatic salamander that retains the gills common to all juvenile amphibians is a classic example),  |
| ____ genes determine such basic features as where a pair of wings and a pair of legs will develop on a bird or how a flower’s parts are arranged. | Homeotic genes |
| The products of one class of homeotic genes called ____ genes provide positional information in the development of fins in fish and limbs in tetrapods. | Hox |
| Evolutionary change often occurs due to adaptations to a _______. | changing environment |
| According to the ________________ model, trends may result when species with certain characteristics endure longer and speciate more often than those with other characteristics. | species selection model |
