| A | B |
|---|
| Christopher Columbus | called the people he found the lands he discovered “Indians” because he thought he was in the Indies (near China) |
| King of England (James I) | granted charters to the Virginia Company of London |
| Captain John Smith | had strong leadership that helped to ensure the survival of the Jamestown colony. He initiated trading relationships with the Powhatans |
| Pocahontas | believed the English and American Indians (First Americans) could live in harmony. She began a friendship with the colonists that helped them survive. |
| Chief Powhatan | the father of Pocahontas |
| James Armistead Lafayette | a slave from Virginia, served in the Continental Army, and was given his freedom after the war |
| Thomas Jefferson | provided political leadership by expressing the reasons for colonial independence from England in the Declaration of Independence. He also wrote the Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom. |
| George Washington | provided military leadership by serving as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army, a Virginian who was elected as the first President of the United States of America, provided the strong leadership by expressing the reasons for colonial independence from England in the Declaration of Independence, & wrote the Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom |
| Patrick Henry | inspired patriots from other colonies when he spoke out against taxation without representation by saying, “give me liberty or give me death.” |
| James Madison | believed in the importance of having a United States constitution. He kept detailed notes during the Constitutional Convention. His skills at compromise helped the delegates reach agreement during the difficult process of writing the Constitution of the United States of America. This earned him the title, “Father of the Constitution.” |
| George Mason | write the Virginia Declaration of Rights which was the basis for the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution. |
| Nat Turner | led a revolt against plantation owners in Virginia |
| Harriet Tubman | established a secret route that escaped slaves took. It became known as the “Underground Railroad.” |
| John Brown | led a raid on the United States Armory (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. He was trying to start a slave rebellion. He was captured and hanged. |
| Abraham Lincoln | became President of the United States in 1860. He used the Union navy to blockade southern ports. |
| Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson | a Confederate soldier who played a major role in the first Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas) which was the first major clash of the Civil War. |
| Robert E. Lee | was Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia who defeated the Union troops at Fredericksburg, Virginia |
| Ulysses S. Grant | was the Union general who was in Richmond when the capital of the Confederacy fell to him and Richmond burned near the end of the war. The Civil War ended at Appomattox Court Hose, VA when Lee surrendered to Grant in April 1865. |
| Harry F. Byrd, Sr. | led a Massive Resistance Movement against the integration of public schools. He was also the governor of Virginia and known for a “Pay As You Go” policy for road improvements. He was noted for modernizing Virginia state government. |
| Maggie L. Walker | was the first African American woman to become a bank president in the United States. She was also the first woman to become a bank president. |
| Arthur R. Ashe, Jr. | was also an author and eloquent spokesperson for social change. |
| L. Douglas Wilder | was a former governor of Virginia and the first African American to be elected a state governor in the United State. |
| John Rolfe | a colonist and tobacco planter who developed a special type of tobacco to grow in Virginia; began shipping tobacco to England for sale; and married Pocahontas |
| Anne Burras | a servant, wife, mother who came to Jamestown as a servant; had the first wedding in the colony; and raised four daughters in Virginia |
| Nathaniel Bacon | a planter who demanded that Governor Berkeley declare war on American Indians; led rebellion against Governor Berkeley (Bacon’s Rebellion); and burned Jamestown in 1676. |
| Dolley Madison | became first lady in 1809, helped her husband, President Madison, fulfill social duties, and rescued national treasures from the President’s House during the War of 1812 |
| Clara Barton | American humanitarian, organizer of the American Red Cross |
| Belle Boyd | Confederate spy in the Civil War, b. Martinsburg, Va. (now W.Va.). Operating (probably unofficially) in Martinsburg and Front Royal, she provided Gen. T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson with valuable information on Union activities in the Shenandoah Valley in 1862. |
| Mathew Brady | American pioneer photographer. He began photographing President Lincoln in 1860. When the Civil War began Brady was authorized to accompany and photograph the armies; through his efforts a vast visual record of the war was preserved. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | American humanitarian, Her dedication to the cause of human welfare won her affection and honor throughout the world as well as the respect of many of her critics. |
