| A | B |
|---|
| geographic isolation | When a physical barrier (such as a mountain or ocean) isolates a population. |
| reproductive isolation | Formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring. |
| gradualism | Idea that species originate through a gradual change of adaptations. |
| punctuated equilibrium | Idea that speciation occurs relatively quickly, in rapid bursts, with long periods of little or no change in between. |
| adaptive radiation | When an ancestral species evolves into multiple species to fit diverse habitats. |
| divergent evolution | Patter of evolution in which species with a common ancestor become increasingly distinct. |
| convergent evolution | Pattern of evolution in which distantly related species develop similar traits. |
| hominid | Primates that can walk upright including gorillas, chimps, bonobos and humans. |
| bipedal | Means "able to walk on two legs". |
| australopithecine | An early hominid that lived in Africa and had both apelike and human-like characteristics. |
| Neanderthal | Lived from 35000 to 100000 years ago in Europe and Asia and the Middle East. |
| Cro-Magnon | Ancient Homo Sapiens that are very similar to modern man. |
