| A | B |
|---|
| What is Psychology? | the study of behavior and mental processes |
| Developmental Psychology | studies the process of growth and change over the life course~ from prenatal to old age |
| Physiological psychology | studies the biological basis of human nature, emotions and thoughts |
| Experiemental Psychology | studies the psychological processes, such as learning, memory, sensation, perception, motivation and emotion. |
| Personality Psychology | studies different traits among people like anxiety, agressiveness and self-esteem |
| Clinical Psychology | diagnoses and treats psychological disorders |
| Counseling psychologists | help treat everyday problems |
| Social Psychologists | focus on how people influence each others thoughts and actions |
| industrial/ organizational psychology | studies problems in the workplace or other organizations |
| enduring issue: Person~situation | is behavior caused by inner traits or external situations |
| Enduring issue: Heredity~ environment | what influences peoples behavior the most nature (genetics) or nuture (experiences). |
| Enduring Issue: Stablility~ change | do we stay the same as we grow old or can we change. |
| Enduring Issue: Diversity | in what ways are people different or similar in regards to race, gender, ethnicity |
| Enduring Issue: mind~ body | our experiences (mind and body) or our biological process ( nervous system) |
| Scientific method | uses observation, defines a problem, collects data, and comes up with conclusions |
| Wilhelm Wundt | 1st Psychology lab. Father of Psych. Structuralism |
| Structuralism | identified basic elements of experience and how they combined |
| William James | 1st American Psychologist. came up with the theory of functionalism |
| Sigmund Freud~ psychodynamic approach | behavior is governed by unconscious conflicts, motives and desires |
| John Watson~ behaviorism | only studied observable, measurable behavior and used conditioning principals to instill fear of rats in "Little Albert" |
| B.F. Skinner~ behaviorism | added the concept of punishment or rewards |
| multiple perspectives | psycholgists belive that using different theories can complement and enrich our understandings |
| Human diversity | diverse behavior and thoughts exist in humans~ individually and in groups |
| gender | psychological and social difference: biology male or female |
| gender stereotypes | characteristics that are presumed to be typical of each sex |
| gender roles | behaviors that society expects each gender to engage in |
| culture | tangible goods and the values, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs that are passed on |
| race | physical features like skin color, hair color and facial features |
| ethnicity | common cultural heritage: religion, language, and or ancestry |
| subculture | have their own norms, values, rituals that might be different than the main culture. Firefighter, police, Texans ect.. |
| Functionalism | concerned withhow an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment |
| ethnicity | common cultural heritage, includes language, customs that are shared by a group of individuals |
| ethnic identity | the aspect of an individual's self concept that is based on his or her awareness of being a member of a particular ethnic group |
| masculine | preferences, attributes and interests associated with being a male |
| feminine | preferences, attributes and intrests associated with being a female |
| sexual orientation | one's sexual interest towards members of the same sex, other sex or both sexes |
