| A | B |
|---|
| Charles Martel | Victor at the Battle of Tours |
| Clovis | converted to Christianity; unified Western Europe |
| Charlemagne | his death led to the Middle Ages |
| Three-Field System | crop rotation to ensure productive land |
| capital | money that is lended as investment |
| Agricultural Revolution | the creation of more efficient ways of farming; led to increased trade |
| Trials by Ordeal | demonstrated power of Christian religion |
| castle | safety net for manors being attacked; home of monarchs |
| chivalry | knight's code of behavior |
| lord | person to whom you owed loyalty; this person gave you land or protection |
| vassal | person who owed you loyalty; you provided land to them |
| knight | well-trained soldiers; essential part of feudalism |
| feudalism | system of loyalties and protections |
| squire | second part of knighthood training |
| page | first part of knighthood training |
| serf | lowest class in feudal society; did most labor; tied to land |
| fief | plot of land granted to another person for use |
| manor | central unit of wealth in feudal times |
| secular | non-religious or worldly |
