| A | B |
|---|
| nucleus | control center of the cell that contains its DNA |
| ribosomes | protein producing organelles |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | ER that contains ribosomes and modifies and transports proteins |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | ER membranes that produce, modify, and transport lipids for membranes |
| mitochondria | organelles in charge of releasing energy from glucose by taking in oxygen |
| chloroplasts | organelles in charge of making glucose & oxygen from sunlight, water, & CO2 |
| vacuoles | membrane bound sacks used for storing cell water and food |
| Golgi apparatus | refine, package, and export proteins from the cell |
| cell membrane | found surrounding all cells and controls what enters and leaves the cell |
| cell wall | tough outer covering of plant cells that gives them protection and shape |
| microtubules | the "bones" of a cell that give them structure |
| microfilaments | the "muscles" of a cell that help them move |
| nucleolus | spherical body in the nucleus that makes ribosomes |
| glycolysis | first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose splits into 2 pyruvic acids |
| cellular respiration | opposite the process of photosynthesis in which glucose is burned with oxygen to get ATP energy |
| NAD+ | coenzyme carrier molecule used in cellular respiration to carry H ions |
| aerobic | means with oxygen |
| anaerobic | means without oxygen |
| fermentation | anaerobic process that results either in ethyl alcohol or lactic acid |
| Kreb's cycle | aerobic process that strips the hydrogen from citric acid and releases CO2 |
| electron transport chain | process that slowly combines H with O to form water and releases ATP energy |
| light reaction | 1st stage of photosynthesis where chlorophyll captures sun energy |
| thylakoids | chloroplast membranes where chemiosmosis produces ATP from sunlight |
| granum | stacks of thylakoids in chloroplasts |
| stroma | the cytoplasm material surrounding the granum in chloroplasts |
| chlorophyll | the green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light |
| chemiosmosis | process in both respiration and photosynthesis that produces ATP from H+ ions |
| photosystem | thylakoid clusters of chlorophyll and other pigments that harvest light energy |
| Calvin cycle | photosynthesis process that converts CO2 to glucose using ATP |
| carbon fixation | CO2 being brought into living organisms and made into organic compounds |
| stomata | tiny openings on the underside of leaves |
