| A | B |
|---|
| Brain stem | Controls involuntary activities such as breathing. |
| Cerebrum | Directs motor activities. |
| Cerebellum | Controls muscular coordination, balance, and posture. |
| Pituitary gland | Releases hormones that control metabolism and sexual development. |
| Spinal cord | Controls simple reflexes that do not involve the brain. |
| Thalamus | Controls the way emotions are expressed. |
| Dendrite | Receives information from other neurons and passes it to the body of the nerve cell; reaches toward dendrites of other neurons for transmitssion. |
| Cell body | Processes information received. |
| Axon | Carries information from cell body to dendrites; releases neurotransmitters. |
| Neurons | Nerve cells in the brain that control body functions. |
| Neurotransmitters | Chemicals released by the axons. |
| Sequence for language development | Crying, cooing (6-8 weeks), babbling (4-5 months), first words (10-12 months). |
| Myelin | Coating on axons that makes the transmission easier |
| Synapse | Gap between dendrites of different neurons across which neurotransmitters travel to send information from one neuron to another. |
| Stimulation | Encourage an activity or process so brain activity will begin, increase, or develop. |
| Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development | Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal operations periods. |
| Object permance | The knowledge that objects exist in time and space, independent of whether or not they can be seen or touched. |
| Language development | The human use of spoken or written words as a communication system. |
| Nonverbal | Communicating with gestures and movement instead of words. |
| Word association | Assessing someone's mental state or personality by asking the person to respond with the first word that comes to mind when a given word is heard. |
| First word | same sound used more that once to refer to a person, place, or event. (10-12 months) |
| Sensorimotor period of development | A period in Piaget’s Theory where children learn through the senses |
