| A | B |
|---|
| gene pool | total genetic information available in a population |
| genetic equilibrium | is achieved in a hypothetical population that is not evolving |
| genetic drift | population allele frequencies change due to random events |
| stabilizing selection | individuals with average phenotypes have the highest fitness |
| directional selection | individuals with an extreme phenotype have the highest fitness |
| disruptive selection | individuals with either extreme have the highest fitness |
| speciation | populations becoming different enough they are separate species |
| biological species | can only mate and produce offspring with their own species |
| geographic isolation | separation of a populations by Earth's structures |
| reproductive isolation | barriers to successful breeding between two different species |
| punctuated equilibrium | rapid change of populations into separate species due to rapid environmental changes |
| evolution | change in gene frequencies in a population |
| adaptation | any behavioral, structural, or physiological trait that gives an organism an advantage |
| descent with modification | new species retain most of the traits of the ancestor with some changes |
| gene frequency | how often a gene occurs in individuals of a population |
| natural selection | those most suited to the environment survive to reproduce |
| fossil | any evidence of a once living organism |
| strata | layers in sedimentary rock |
| sedimentary rock | rock laid down when eroded sediments wash into a body of water |
| embryology | study of embryos |
| microevolution | is speciation on a small scale |
| macroevolution | speciation on a large scale like mammals and birds diverging from reptiles |
| punctuated equilibrium | evolution in populations occuring rapidly as the environment changes in jerks |
| gradualism | evolution in populations occuring steadily over time |
| homologous organs | organs of closely related species that have different functions but the same structure |
| analogous organs | organs of distantly related species with similar functions but completely different structure |
| vestigial organs | organs that are evolutionary leftovers |
