| A | B |
|---|
| Polis | Greek city-state |
| Citizenship | Free Adult Males |
| Oligarchy | Rule by a small group, Sparta |
| Sparta | Militaristic society |
| Stages of Athenian government | Monarchy Aristocracy Tyranny Democracy |
| Monarchy | rule by king |
| Aristocracy | rule by a rich social class |
| Tyranny | rule by a dictator in times of trouble |
| direct democracy | citizens vote on the laws |
| Solon | tyrant, organizes Athens into social classes |
| Draco | tyrant, gave Athens first set of laws, draconian |
| Features of Athenian democracy | direct democracy, public debate, duties of citizens |
| Persian Wars | Persian v Greeks. Unified Athens and Sparta. Caused Golden Age of Pericles |
| Battle of Marathon | Land battle. Athens defeats Persia |
| Battle of Salamis Bay | sea battle. Athens defeats Persia |
| Aeschylus and Sophocles | Greek tragic playwrights |
| Homer | Poet. Wrote Odyssey and Iliad |
| Archimedes | Scientist Engineer. Displacement of water, lever |
| Hippocrates | doctor. Father of Medicine |
| Euclid and Pythagoras | Greek geometry |
| Phidias | Greek sculptor. Parthenon |
| Parthenon | Temple to Athena in Athens |
| Doric, Ionic, Corinthian | Orders of Greek columns. Doric (plain), Ionic (spiral), Corinthian (fancy pants) |
| Herodotus and Thucydides | Greek historians |
| Peloponnesian War | Athens and Delian League v Sparta and Peloponnesian League. End of Golden Age and Greek power |
| Bosporus and Peloponnesus | Greek peninsulas. Bosporus (Athens, east) and Peloponnesus (Sparta, West) |
| Aegean | Sea greeks colonize, trade on |
| Alps | Mountains separating Rome from Europe |
| Italian Peninsula | Roman peninsula |
| Little Farmland, hills | Greece |
| Lots of open farmland | Rome |
| Sicily | Island at the tip of the Italian boot |
| Zeus Greek | Jupiter Roman (king) |
| Hera Greek | Juno Roman (women) |
| Apollo Greek | Apollo Roman (sun, music, medicine etc.) |
| Athena Greek | Minerva Roman (wisdom, war) |
| Artemis Greek | Diana Roman (hunt) |
| Aphrodite Greek | Venus Roman (love) |
| Republic | Type of democracy where citizens elect leaders |
| consuls | Rome. 2 of them. agree and carry out laws |
| Senate | Rome. 300 of them. suggest laws. most powerful group |
| Tribunes | Rome. could veto laws |
| Citizen Assemblies | Rome. Citizens elect leaders from them. |
| 12 Tables | Roman laws |
| Patricians | Rome. rich. could get elected Senator and Consul |
| Plebians | Rome. poor citizens. gradually got the right to hold office |
| Punic Wars | Wars between Rome and Carthage |
| Carthage | Phonecian city-state in North Africa |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian general. invades Rome with elephants |
| Mare Nostrum | Latin. "our sea." Rome gains control of western Med Sea as result of Punic Wars |
| Latifundia | large Roman farms |
| Triumverate | Dictatorship of 3. Rome |
| Julius Caesar | Rome. conqueror of Gaul. defeats Pompey in Civil War. made dictator. assassinated by Senate |
| Octavian | Rome. Augustus Caesar. nephew of J Ceasar. defeats Marc Antony. first emperor. roads, postal system, civil service, free trade |
| Pax Romana | Roman peace. Golden Age. 200 years. uniform laws and currency. |
| Rome fell. Why????? | Inflation, military spending, moral decay, corruption, barbarian invasions, empire is too large |
| Constantine | Moves capital. Names it Constantinople. Converts to Christianity |
| Pantheon | Roman domed temple to all the gods. hole in top |
| Colisseum | Roman stadium |
| Forum | Roman marketplace |
| Aqueducts | water bridges borught H2O to Rome |
| Arches | Saved building materials |
| Ptolemy | Rome. geocentric model of the universe |
| Public health | Baths |
| Latin | Language of Roman Empire and Roman Catholic Church |
| Romance languages | Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian. Based on Latin |
| Virgil | Roman poet. Aeneid. |
| Jesus of Nazareth | Founder of Christianity |
| Monotheism | belief in one god. Christianity |
| New Testament | Christian holy book. teachings of Christ and early history of the Church |
| Apostles | Spread religion, Paul, travels and letters |
| Roman Law | Innocent until proven guilty. basis of western legal codes |
