| A | B |
|---|
| Russian Czars | Fearful of reform |
| Russian Czars | ruled as autocrats |
| autocrats | absolute rulers |
| Russian methods of control | secret police and censorship |
| illiterate serfs | most Russians remained this |
| Serfs | lower class, impoverished |
| impoverished | living in poverty (poor) |
| Britain and France defeated Russia | Crimean War (1854-1856) |
| Tsar Alexander II | Listened to reformers |
| Tsar Alexander II | Emancipated Serfs in 1861 |
| Emancipate | To make free |
| Tsar Alexander II | Assasinated--dashing hope |
| Tsars after Alexander II | Opposed change, repressed |
| Nationalism contributed to | Protection of Balkan states |
| Balkan States | Countries north of Greece |
| Russification | Finns, Poles, and Central Asians adopt Russian language and culture and Russian Orthodox Church |
| Pogroms | Russian state organized attacks on Jewish people |
