| A | B |
|---|
| What is a firm rounded sac located on the posterior vocal processes of the artyenoid cartilage called? | granuloma |
| What is a soft, pliable, blood filled sac called? | hemangioma |
| Where are hemangiomas located? | posterior glottal area |
| What are thick whitish parches? | leukoplakia |
| Where can leukoplakia be located? | 1)surface membrand of the mucosa, 2)anterior 3rd of the vocal folds, 3)under the tongue |
| What is a rough, pinkish lesion? | hyperkeratosis |
| Where can hyperkeratosis be located? | 1)oral cavity, 2)larynx, 3)pharynx, 4)epithelial cover, 5)superficial layer |
| What is characterized by soft, floppy laryngeal cartilages? | laryngomalacia |
| What is characterized by pink/white wart like growths? | papilloma |
| Where can papilloma be found? | anywhere in the airway |
| What is layngeal trauma? | structural damage to the larynx |
| What is characterized by a membrane across the glottis? | laryngeal web |
| What is characterized by adduction on inhalation? | paradoxical vocal fold motion |
| Where do you find a laryngeal web? | anterior portion of the glottis |
| What type of spasmodic dysphonia is characterized by intermittent fleeting abduction? | abduction |
| What type of spasmodic dysphonia is characterized by prolonged overadduction? | adduction |
| Which type of spasmodic dysphonia causes decreased loudness, aphonia, or a whisper like voice? | abduction |
| Which type of spasmodic dysphonia causes a choked, strangled voice? | adduction |
| What are the two types of spasmodic dysphonia? | abduction & adduction |
| Which type of spasmodic dysphonia is more common? | adductor |
| What causes granulomas? | 1)vocal abuse, 2)intubation, 3)injury to larynx, 4)GERD |
| What causes hemangiomas? | 1)intubation, 2)GERD |
| What causes leukoplakia? | tissue irritation such as from 1)smoking, 2)alcohol, 3)vocal abuse |
| What causes papilloma? | human papillom virus |
| What causes hyperkeratosis? | tissue irritation such as 1)smoking, 2)GERD, 3)vocal abuse |
| What causes laryngomalacia? | abnormal development |
| What causes laryngeal trauma? | 1)burns, 2)gunshot wounds, 3)motor vehicle accidents, 4)sports, 5)swallow sharp objects |
| What causes laryngeal web? | 1)intubation, 2)surgery, 3)severe infection, 4)accidental injury |
| What are possible causes for PVFM? | physiological and psychological |
| What causes GERD? | gastric components spilling into the esophagus |
| What causes paralysis? | 1)accidental injury to RLN, 2)neurological or malignant disease, 3)intubation, 4)laryngeal trauma, 5)stroke, 6)vagus nerve |
| What are possible causes for spasmodic dysphonia? | neurogenic and psychologic causes |
| Treatment for granuloma includes... | surgery and voice therapy |
| Treatment for hemangioma includes... | surgery and follow up voice therapy |
| Treatment for leukoplakia includes... | surgery, voice therapy, and eliminate exposure to irritants |
| Treatment for hyperkeratosis includes... | possible ablative surgery, voice therapy,eliminate exposure to irritants |
| Treatment for laryngomalacia includes... | resolves spontaneously |
| Treatment for papilloma includes... | multiple surgeries and voice therapy |
| Treatment for laryngeal trauma includes... | surgery and possible voice therapy |
| Treatment for laryngeal web includes... | surgery, voice rest, and trach in infants |
| Treatment for PVFM includes... | psychological, medical, and behavioral approach, visual feedback, and relaxation |
| Treatment for GERD includes... | antacids, head propping, prescription meds, dietary changes |
| Treatment for paralysis includes... | Teflon, collagen, Gelfoam, autologous fat, thyroplasty I, nerve muscle pedicle |
| Treatment for abduction spasmodic dysphonia includes... | Botux, relaxation techniques, meds, continuous voicing |
| Treatment for adduction spasmodic dysphonia includes... | oxygen, RLN resection, Botux, voice therapy |
