| A | B |
|---|
| sexual reproduction | two parents produce offspring |
| gamete | chromosomes contained in sex cells |
| meiosis | cellular reproduction where organisms produce gametes |
| diploid | cell that contains 2 complete sets of chromosomes |
| somatic cell | body cell |
| homologous pairs | matching pairs of chromosomes |
| halploid | 1 complete set of chromosomes |
| zygote | single cell from fertilization |
| fertilization | egg and sperm join, offspring is produced |
| gene | 1 trait or characteristic of an organism |
| evolution | change in living populations over time |
| variation | differences among population |
| crossing over | exchange of genes |
| germline cell | begins gametogenesis, 46 chromosomes |
| oocyte | eggs |
| sperm | male gamete |
| polar bodies | not used to make eggs, die |
| interphase | 75% of mitosis; g-1, S, and g-2 phase |
| sister chromatids | identical chromosome copies |
| mitosis | divides nucleus into two identical nuclei |
| metaphase | spindle fibers attach to the centromeres and sister chromatids line up at the equator |
| anaphase | centromeres divide and sister chromatids are separated |
| telophase | nuclear membrane begins to reform and the cell membrane begins to pinch inward in animal cells |
| cytokinesis | cytoplasm divides into two new cells called daughter cells |
| differentiation | division of labor |
| regeneration | regrowth of body parts |
| cancer | spread of malignant cells |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction with 1 parent |
