| A | B |
|---|
| virus | Non-living particles made of a piece of DNA or RNA wrapped in a protein coat. |
| host cell | A cell in which a virus replicates (reproduces). |
| bacteriophage | A virus that infects a bacteria. |
| capsid | Outer protein coat of a virus. |
| lytic cycle | When a virus infects a cell, reproduces and then kills the cell. |
| lysogenic cycle | When a virus infects a cell, inserts its DNA into the host cell DNA. |
| retrovirus | Virus with RNA inside, like HIV. |
| reverse transcriptase | Enzyme that retroviruses use to make DNA. |
| chemosynthesis | Obtaining energy from inorganic compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen. |
| binary fusion | Asexual reproduction of bacteria. |
| conjugation | Form of sexual reproduction in which bacteria exchange genetic information |
| obligate aerobe | Bacteria that require oxygen for respiration. |
| obligate anaerobe | Bacteria that are killed by oxygen. |
| endospore | Tiny structure that contains a bacterium's DNA in a tough outer covering. |
| toxin | Powerful and deadly poison made by anaerobic microbes. |
| nitrogen fixation | Process by which bacteria convert ammonia into forms plants can use. |
