| A | B |
|---|
| tissue | a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific job in the body |
| organ | a combination of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function in the body |
| organ systems | a group of organs working together to perform body functions |
| organisms | anything that can live on its own |
| population | a group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time |
| community | all of the populations of different species that live and interact in an area |
| ecosystem | a community of organisms and their nonliving environment |
| unicellular | made of a singular cell |
| multicellular | made of many cells |
| cell theory | a three part theory of cells |
| cell membrane | a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier vetween the inside of a cell and the cell's environment |
| organelles | a structure within a cell, sometimes surrounded by a membrane |
| cytoplasm | cellular fluid surrounding a cell's organelles |
| nucleus | the membrane-covered organelle found in eukaryotic cells that contains a cell's DNA and serves as a control center for the cell |
| prokaryotic | a cell that does not have a nucleus or any other membrane-covered organelles |
| eukaryotic | a cell that contains a central nucleus and a complicated internal structure |
| cell wall | a structure that surrounds the cell membrane of some cells and provides strength and support to the cell membrane |
| ribosomes | a small organelle in cells where proteins are made from amino acids |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a membrane-covered cell organelle that produces lipids, breaks down drugs and other substances, and packages proteins for delivery out of the cello |
| mitochondria | cell organelles surrounded by two membranes that break down food molecules to make ATP |
| chloroplasts | an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosyntheses occurs |
| vacuole | a large membrane-covered structure found in plant cells that serves as a storage container for water and other liquids |
| golgi complex | the cell organelle that modifies, packages, and transports materials out of the cell |
| vesicles | membrane-covered compartments in a eukaryotic cell that form when part of the cell membrane surfrounds an object and pinches off |
| lysosomes | a special vesicle in a cell that digests food particles, wastes, and foreign invaders |
| passive transport | the diffusion of particles from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| active transport | the movement of particles through proteins in the cell membrane against the direction of diffusion; requires cells to use energy |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a cell membrane |
| ATP | a molecule that provides energy for a cell's activities |
| glucose | the body's most important source of energy |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into energy |
| fermentation | the breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen |
| cellular respiration | the process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide and water |
| DNA | hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell |
| chromosomes | coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division |
| binary fission | the simple cell division in which one cell splits into two bacteria; used by bacteria |
| interphase | the stage a cell is before mitosis begins |
| mitosis | nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes |
| prophase | the stage of the cell when the chromosomes are doubled, the nuclear envelope disappears, and the spindle forms |
| metaphase | the stage of the cell when the doubled chromosomes line up in the middle of the spindle |
| anaphase | the stage of the cell when the doubled chromosomes separate and single chromosomes move to opposite ends of the spindle |
| telophase | when the cell divides in two; the spindle disappears, a nuclear envelop forms around each set of chromosomes |
| cytokinesis | the process in which cytoplasm divides after mitosis |
| cell plate | when a plant cell divides, this forms in the middle and grows towards the edge until the cell is split in two |
