| A | B |
|---|
| a compound is called an acid because it releases ______ ions in a solution | hydrogen |
| these ions will combine with a water molecule to from the __________ ion. | hydronium |
| ______ is an example of a strong acid that is used fro cleaning pools | hydrochloric acid |
| ____ is an example of a weak acid that is found in citrus fruits. | ascorbic acid |
| a compound is called a base because it releases ions in solution. | hydroxide |
| ____ is an example of a strong base that is diluted and used as a household cleaner. | ammonium hydroxide |
| ____ is an example of a weak base that is used to neutralize stomach acid. | calcium hydroxide |
| _______ occurs when oxygen combines with a carbon compound. | combustion |
| the products of this reaction is a carbon compound called _______ and ________. | carbon dioxide, water |
| _____ and ______ are 2 major gases released into our atmosphere that cause acid rain. | nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide |
| The 2 acids formed from the two gases that cause acid rain are ______ and _______. | nitric acid, surfuric acid |
| rainfall in unpolluted regions has a basic pH | true |
| most fish cannot survive below a pH reading of 5. | true |
| about half the forests in Germany have suffered acid rain damage. | true |
| the lower the pH, the more acidic the rainfall. | true |
| an acid rain lake is very cloudy | false |
| lakes which lie over limestone are less able to absorb acid rain than lakes which lie over granite. | false |
| most of hte acid raain damage to trees and plants seems to take place at the roots. | true |
| a or b- has a bitter taste | base |
| a or b- feels slippery | base |
| a or b- has a formula that ends in -OH | base |
| a or b-strong ones can harm ur skin | acid and base |
| a or b- has a pH less than 7 | acid |
| a or b- will react with metals to form H2 | acid |
| a or b- will produce hydrogen ions in solution | acid |
| what is a solute? | the thing being dissolved |
| what is the solvent? | the thing the solute is being dissolved in |
| what is a colloid? | substances that have fairly large particles which do not settle out of the mixture. |
| sol, col, sus- a cloudy white liquid mixture that doesn't separate after standing, but when a light beam is passed thru it, it shows the Tyndall effect | colloid |
| sol, col, sus- a pink liquid mixture separated into a powder on the bottom and a clear liquid layer on top after standing. a dilute sample of the shaken mixture shows the Tyndall effect. | suspension |
| sol, col, sus- a clear blue liquid mixture that does not separate after standing and the Tyndall effect is not obseved | solution |
| sol, col, sus- after filtering a cloudy brown mixture, small particles are observed on the filter paper | suspension |
| water molecules are attracted sodium chloride becuase | the dipoles of water are attraced to the ionic charges |
| what exactly is a hydrogen bond? | a strong dipole-dipole interaction involving a hydrogen atom |
| how does a solid phase differ from a liquid phase on the the molecular level? | solids have a crystalline structure while liquids are amorphous |
| are there hydrogen bonds between water molecules in the liquid phase? | yes, and they are continually breaking and reforming |
| when sugar is dissolved in water, the volume of the water__________________. | increases becase material is being added to it |
| when a solution is concentrated, large amounts of solute are dissolved in solvent. t or f | true |
| salt and gasoline are insoluble becuase________. | salt ions are too attracted to themselves to interact significantly with nonpolar gasoline molecules. |
| hard water is undesirable becuase ____________________. | its ions tend to complex with soap forming scum and its ions tend to accumulate in pipings |
| surface tension is causes by the molecular interactions between _________. | surface molecules |
| "hard water' is water that __________________. | contains a relatively large amount of calcium and magnesium ions. |
| when an atom loses 2 electrons, the charge one the resulting ion will be | +2 |
| when atom gains two electrons the charge on the resulting ion will be | -2 |
| in the compound CaF2, which atom gained electrons? | the F |
| name ZnO | Zinc II oxide |
| what is the difference between ionic and covalent? | ionic is a metal and nonmetal while a covalent is two nonmetals |
| what are the seven diatomic elements? | hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, bromine, chlorine, iodine |
| how do u show an electron transfer for an ionic compound? | you use the arrows to show where the electrons go and put the charges (valence e) at top |
| discovered the electron | thompson |
| discovered the neutron | chadwick |
| known for the solar system model of an atom | bohr |
| said atoms were made up of mostly empty space with a dense middle | rutherford |
| opposed the atom theory | aristotle |
| lead the atomists movement | democritus |
| how close a measurmetn is to the real value | accuracy |
| has to with the instruments and reproducible data | precision |
| discovered the proton | einstein |
| measured the mass of an electron | milikan |
| develped some of the first symbols of the elements | dalton |
| devide used to discover the electron | cathode ray tube |
| helped develp quantim mechanics | gold foil experiment |
| what makes an element distinct? | the number of protons |
| alpha particles are repelled b atomic nuclei becuase__________________. | the force between an alpha particle and the atomic nucleus is opposite to an attractive force |
| solid matter is mostly empty space. The reason solids dont fall thru each other is becuase _______________. | of nuclear forces |
| what is is that electrons have that protons always have in equal magnitude? | charge |
| the weight of matter comes mostly from its ___________. | protons plus neutrons |
| the volume of matter comes mostly from its _________. | electrons |
| brownian motion has to do with ___________. | random motions of atoms and molecules |
| in an electrically neutral atom, the # of protons in the nucleus is balanced by an equal number of ___________. | orbital electrons |
| when adding or subtracting sig digits, how do u round the answer? | make as precise as least precise number |
| when multyplying or dividing sig digits, how do u round the answer? | make # have as many sig digits as one with least sig digits |
| write 2.51 x 10 to the first | 25.1 |
| is always the same for a substance, regardless of quantity | density |
| the amount of matter (atoms, molecules) in something | mass |
| how mush space an object takes up | volume |
| will change with gravitational force | weight |
| can be used to develop a hypothesis | observation |
| an educated guess | hypothesis |
| summarizes results of many agreeing experiments | theory |
| states only that a phenomenon occurs | law |
| based on mulitples of 10 | metric system |
| based on body parts | english system |
| name the numbers for the prefixes in order | kilo, hecto, deka, measure, deci, centi, mili |
| what is a physical change? | a change that only alters the appearance |
| what is a chemical change? | a change that alters the chemical makeup and changes the substance |
