| A | B |
|---|
| Communes | Merchant guilds created to assert independence from the nobility |
| Popolo | A large, bourgeois working class with no political power |
| Republican Governments | System of governance where the people were given voting rights and representation |
| Oligarchy | Governmental system ruled by a small elite |
| Signori | Despotic rulers of city-states |
| Medici Dynasty | r |
| Italian Balance of Power | a |
| Renaissance | Euuropean historical period where many of the old sociocultural systems were overturned |
| Individualism | Thought system where focus was moved from being part of a feudal or religious system, and more on personal well-being |
| Humanism | System of thought where the focus was shifted from contemplation of the divine to love of the human |
| Secularism | System of thought that consciously removed itself from the viewpoint of the Church |
| International Style | s |
| Movable Type | Printing innovation that allowed mass production of written material |
| Office of the Night | Italian judicial force designed to crack down on high-level sodomy |
| Northern Humanism | Movement in Northern Europe that emphasized relgious and theological reform rather than art and culture. |
| New Monarchs | Absolute monarchs who implemented theories proposed during the Enlightenment |
| Star Chamber | Judicial system used to break the power of nobles in Britain |
| Reconquista | Effort made by the Spanish Catholic Church to win back former believers. largely spearheaded by Ignatius Loyola |
| Hermandades | Popular towns groups that administer justice and police crime |
| Conversos, Marranos, or "New Christians" | a |
