| A | B |
|---|
| What are totalitarian governments? | governments that controlled every aspect of a person's life |
| Who was the leader of Germany during WWII? | Adolf Hitler |
| Who was the leader of Italy during WWII? | Benito Mussolini |
| Who was the leader of the U.S.S.R during World War II? | Joseph Stalin |
| This type of government places the value of the goverment above the value of the individuals. | fascism |
| This government philosophy calls for all society to jointly own the nations means of production. | communism |
| Why did both Italy and Germany want revenge on the world? | They were upset with the peace treaty that ended World War I, the treaty of Versailles |
| What title did Mussolini give himself? | Il Duce |
| What were Mussolini's Fascists followers called? | blackshirts |
| Where in Africa did Italy and Mussolini first invade in Africa? | Eithipia |
| What country was Hitler originally from? | Austria |
| What was the name of the politcal party that became known as the Nazi's? | National Socialist German Worker's Party |
| What book did Hitler write while he was in prison? | Mein Kampf |
| What is the book Mein Kampf about? | It outlined Nazi philosophy, his plans for the Nation, was highly critical of the nation's Jewish population who he blamed for their loss in World War I, he wanted to expand Germany's borders, and purify the Aryan race. |
| The German parliament was called the ____________ | Reichstag |
| Wht name did Hitler give himself? | The Fuhrer |
| This was a region along the borders of France and Belgium where Hitler moved in? | the Rhineland |
| Hitler signed an alliance with Mussolini and they became known as the _______ powers. | Axis |
| Hitler annexed _________, and when Britain and France complained they were told it was between Germany and _______________. | Austria |
| This was a region in Eastern Czechoslovakia that was heavily populated with Germans | Sudetenland |
| Where did representatives from England, France, Germany and Italy meet in order to try and avoid war? | Munich, Germany |
| This is a policy of giving in to someone's demands in order to keep the peace. | appeasement |
| Poland had an alliance with what two countries? | Britain and France |
| Hitler signed an agreement with what nation and they said they would not invade them? | The Soviet Union |
| How did World War II start? | Germany invaded Poland |
| What strategy did the Germans use in the war against Poland? | the blitzkrieg |
| What does the term blitzkrieg mean? | lightening war |
| After Poland, the war entered a quiet phase that was known as the ________. | Sitzkrieg |
| This was a massive line of defenses that the French built along its border with Germany. | Maginot Line |
| Was the Maginot Line ever used? | no, Hitler went around it. |
| Why is the battle of Dunkirk important in American History? | It was one of the greatest rescues to ever take place in American History. 340,000 soldiers were carried across the English channel |
| This was the name for the German air force. | Luftwaffe |
| This was the name of the British Air Force. | British Royal Air Force |
| In what Battle did Hitler bomb the city of London and set the city on fire? | Battle of Britain |
| Why was Japan looking to build an empire? | They were a small island and they need the raw materials. |
| What mineral rich area in northern China did Japan's army seize? | Manchuria |
| Who was leading the Communist Army in China at this time? | Mao Zedong |
| What was the Tripartite Pact? | An agreement between Germany, Italy and Japan |
| Where did Roosevelt move the American Pacific Fleet? | Pearl Harbor, Hawaii |
| How did most Americans feel about entering World War II. | They wanted to follow a policy of isolationism |
| Why did Americans want to remain neutral in World War II? | They remembered the horrors, death and destruction from WWI and the American economy was not in very good shape and they thought we should take care of matters here at home first. |
| The Neutrality Act called for a cash and carry policy. What does this mean? | nonmilitary goods sold to nations at war would be paid for in cash and transported by the purchaser. |
| What was the Selective Service Act? | It was the first peace time draft in the nation's history and it required all males ages 21-36 to register |
| What was the Lend-Lease Act? | It authorized the President to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security |
| What historic event took place on Dec. 7, 1941? | The Japanese attacked the American Pacific Fleet stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii |
| What did President Roosevelt call Dec. 7, 1941? | Dec. 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy. |
| What was the American response to Pearl Harbor? | They declared war on Japan. |
| What was the response to the U.S. declaring war on Japan? | Germany and Italy declared war on the United States. |
| What was the Atlantic Charter? | The first time President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill met to discuss their war aims |
| What did President Roosevelt say the Americans were fighting for? | the four freedoms |
| What are the four freedoms? | Freedom of Speech and Expression, Freedom for every person to worship God in his own way, The third is freedom from want or need, the fourth is freedom from fear. |
| What does G.I. stand for? | Government Issue |
| Who became known as the code talkers? | The Navajo, they developed a secret code based on their language and the Japanese could not break it. |
| Citizens born in the United States of Japanese immigrant parents were called ____________. | Nisei |
| Women in the Air Force were called __________. | WASP's |
| Women in the army were called ___________. | WAC's |
| Women in the Navy who were accepted for volunteer service were called _________. | WAVES |
| Who led the German Army in Northern Africa? | Erwin Rommel |
| What nickname was Rommel given? | The Desert Fox |
| How did Allies try to avoid German subs? | by traveling in convoys |
| Allied warships began using __________ or underwater sound equipment to detect German subs. | sonar |
| Groups of 30 or more German subs were known as ___________. | Wolf Packs |
| Who led the Allied Forces in Morocco and Algeria? | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| What was the Casablanca Conference? | Another meeting between Churchill and Roosevelt wbere tehy planned strategy for the rest of the war, decided to win the war in Europe before the war in the Pacific, and agreed to accept only the unconditional surrender of the Axis Powers |
| Who led the American troops in Italy and led the attack on Sicily? | General George S. Patton |
| What was the battle at Anzio? | When the Allies landed behind German lines, broke through German defenses, and quickly captured Rome |
| Why did Hitler decide to invade the U.S.S.R? | He said Germany needed living space or lebensraum. |
| When the Soviets were fighting the Germans, they used a scorched earth policy. What is a scorched earth policy? | The soviets destroyed everything useful to the Germans |
| What did Stalin want the allies to do to take some of the pressure off of the Soviets? | launch an attack on western Europe. |
| The main battle in the Soviet Union was called the Battle of ______________. | Stalingrad |
| Who did most people think would lead the ivasion in Western Europe? | George Marshall |
| Who was chosen to lead the invasion in Western Europe? | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Who launched a plan to rebuild Europe after WWII, and for this work, he received the Nobel Peace Prize? | George Marshall |
| This is a technique where a large number of bombs were scattered over a wide area. | Carpet bombing, used by the RAF |
| What invasion took place on June 6, 1944 when the Allies crossed the English channel and came on shore in Normandy, France? | D-Day |
| What was the Battle of the Bulge? | This was the largest battle in Western Europe during WWII. Germans launched an attack in Belgium and Luxembourg. Many Allied small units became separated from the rest of the army and they fought bravely. Eisenhower ordered more troops and General Patt |
| Who won the Battle of the Bulge? | The allies, after this, most Nazi's recognized that the war was lost. |
| Americans crossed the _________ River and marched towards Berlin from the west while the Soviets marched from the east. | Rhine |
| What decision did Hitler make when he found out troops would be entering Berlin? | He and his mistress, Ava Braun, committed suicide in The Bunker |
| What is V-E Day? | Victory in Europe |
| At what conference did the leaders of France, Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union meet in order to determine the fate of Germany? | The Yalta Conference |
| What was the outcome of the Yalta Conference? | Germany was split into four zones, each under the control of one of the major Allies, The city of Berlin would be in the Soviet zone, but would also be split into four zones. Stalin agreed to allow elections in the nations his army liberated and he also |
| What criticism have Churchill and Roosevelt received about the Yalta Conference? | They didn't do enough to prevent Soviet domination in Eastern Europe. |
| What is the USO? | The United Service Organization, it assembled volunteers of actors, commedians, singers and dancers to entertain the armed troops. They have toured in every American war zone since 1941. |
| What was the main American base in the Philippines? | Clark Field |
| Who led the American troops in the Philippines? | Douglas MacArthur |
| When a large Japanese force landed in the Philippines, where did MacArthur retreat to? | the Bataan Peninsula, he hoped the navy could rescue them |
| What did Douglas MacArthur say when he abandoned his troops as Roosevelt told him to do? | "I shall return" |
| When the Americans and Filipinos were captured by the Japanese and became prisoners of war and were forced to march 60 miles to a railroad that would take them to prison camps this was called _____________. | The Bataan Death March |
| What were conditions like for the Bataan Death March? | very poor, 10,000 died, many were executed by guards when they could not keep up. |
| What island in the Pacific was vital to the defense of Hawaii? | Midway Island |
| The Japanese Admiral Yamamoto was planning an attack of the Allies on Midway Island, but how did the Americans catch him by surprise? | Americans dropped bombs while the Japanese were still loading bombs onto their planes. Americans destroyed 3 of their 4 carriers and 250 planes |
| This battle took place in the Solomon islands and was the first battle where the Marines used jungle warfare. | Theh Battle of Guadalcanal |
| What did Douglas MacArthur say when the Americans invaded the Philippines? | "People of the Philippines, I have returned" |
| In the Philippines, the Japanese used ___________, or suicide planes. | kamikazes |
| This battle was fought on an island with many steep rocky slopes, caves and tunnels. The Japanese fought unitl virtually the last defender. 27 medals of honor were awarded for actions. It also became famous due to a photograph. | Battle of Iwo Jima |
| This was the name given to Nazi Germany's systematic murder of European Jews. | Holocaust |
| This group is made up of Arabs, Ethiiopians, and other Middle Easterners and North African groups. The term Anti- __________ came to mean hostility against Jews. | Semitism |
| These were laws which stripped Jewish people of German citizenship and forbid marriages between Jews and Non-Jews. | Nuremberg laws |
| How did the Germans make it easier to identify Jews? | All German citizens carried an ID card and Jewish peoples were marked with a red J for Jewish. All Jewish people were given new middle names- Sarah for females and Israel for men |
| What was the SA? | A police unit charged with silencing opposition |
| What was the SS? | an elite guard that became the private army of the Nazi's |
| What was the Gestapo? | A State Police that was formed to identify and persecute those who didn't follow the new law. |
| These were plces where prisoners of war and political prisoners are confined. | concentration camps |
| Which groups of people were considered undesirable by the Nazi's? | homeless, homosexuals, Jehovah Witness, those with mental and physical disabilities and gypsies |
| What was Kristallnacht? | Nov. 9, 1938, when the Nazis went throughout Germany and Austria and looted and destoyed Jewish houses and businesses |
| What was the Evian Conference? | A conference held in France that was called by President Roosevelt to discuss the growing number of Jewish refugees. It was unsuccessful, the Dominican Republic was the only country to relax its immigration laws. |
| What were Einsatzgruppen? | mobile killing units that were sent into Poland. They used firing squads. |
| What was Hitler's philosophy on the use of firing squads? | Firing squads were acceptable for a war zone, but were not acceptable for nations that were already conquered. |
| What is genocide? | the deliberate destruction of Europe's Jewish population |
| At which concentration camp were the most Jews killed? | Auschwitz |
| Who was Raoul Wallenberg? | A Swiss diplomat who was funded by the United States and he rescued Hungarian Jews by issuing them Swedish passports. |
| This is the name of the trial where Nazi's were brought up for crimes against humanity and war crimes. | Nuremberg trials |
| What was the significance of the Nuremberg trials? | It established the principle that individuals were responsible for their own actions and they couldn't just say they were following orders. |
| Who was the industrialist who purposely employed 1,300 Jews in his factories in Poland and Czechoslovakia in order to save them from being sent to the gas chamber? | Oskar Schindler |
