S.S.-Asia and the Pacific Chapter 7 Words and Places To Know Tools A B marsupial an animal, such as the kangaroo or the koala, that carries its young in a body pouch tectonic plate a large piece of the Earth's crust geyser a hot spring that shoots scalding water into the air fiord a narrow bay or inlet from the sea bordered by steep cliffs Great Diving Range a series of plateaus and mountain ranges in eastern Australia Outback in general, a remote area with few people; specifically, the arid inland region of Australia North Island the smaller and more northern of the two islands composing New Zealand South Island the larger and more southern of the two islands composing New Zealand Canterbury Plain the lowland area of east-central South Island, New Zealand high island a Pacific island that has been formed by a volcano and is usually mountainous low island a Pacific island that is a reef or small coral island in the shape of a ring atoll an island made of coral and shaped like a ring coral a rocklike material made up of the skeletons of tiny sea creatures Melanesia the most populous of the three groups of Pacific islands; includes Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and others Micronesia one of the three groups of Pacific islands; includes Guam, the Marshall Islands, and others Polynesia largest of the three groups of Pacific islands, includes New Zealand, Hawaii, Easter, and the Tahiti islands Papua New Guinea an island country in the southwest Pacific; the eastern half of New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea penal colony a place settled by convicts or prisoners; the British founded the first colony in Australia as a penal colony station in Australia, a very large sheep or cattle ranch Aborigine the earliest settlers in Australia; believed to have come from Asia about 40,000 years ago; hunted and gathered along the coasts and river valleys; lived in the harsh Outback; strong religious beliefs about nature and the land, passed on by word of mouth and rock carving and painting Maori earliest people in New Zealand; ancestors first traveled from Asia to Polynesia; believed to have traveled from Polynesia to New Zealand about 1,000 years ago; hunters and farmers; settled in villages; known for fighting and conquering other Maori and their enemies for possession of land; used storytelling to pass on beliefs and tales of adventures Easter Island an island in the eastern Pacific Ocean, part of Polynesia; known for its giant human head statues Auckland the largest city in New Zealand, located on North Island artesian well a deep well drilled into the Earth to tap groundwater in porous rock Sydney the capital of New South Wales, on the southeastern coast of Australia Alice Springs a town in Northern Territory, Australia