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Latin I Toolbox
Practice identifying all of the meaning-makers that we need to know in Latin: these are the various inflected endings that direct the specific meanings of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and verbs.
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| A | B |
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| -o, -m, -r, -or, -i | I |
| -s, -ris, -isti | you (singular) |
| -t, -tur, -it | he, she, it |
| -mus, -mur, -imus | we |
| -tis, -mini, -istis | you (plural) |
| -nt, -ntur, -erunt | they |
| -ba- | was, were, used to, kept on |
| -bo, -bi-, -bu-, -e- | will, shall |
| ex: portav-, docu-, posu-, cep-, audiv- | perfect system stem of verb |
| ex: porta-, doce-, pon-, capi-, audi- | present system stem of verb |
| ex: portatus, doctus, positus, capitus, auditus | carried, taught, placed, seized, heard (perfect passive participle) |
| -ns, -ntis | -ing (present active participle) |
| -urus, a, um | going to - (future active participle) |
| -ndus, a, um | going to be - (future passive participle) |
| a, ae, us, er, i, um, a, --, es, ia, us, es | subject, predicate nominative of sentence |
| ae, arum, i, orum, is, um, ium, us, uum, ei, erum | of _____, genitive case |
| ae, is, o, is, i, ibus, ui, ei, ebus | to/for ______, dative case |
| am, as, um, os, a, em, es, is, us, es | direct object of sentence, object of certain prepositions, subject of infinitives |
| A, is, o, e, i, ibus, u, ebus | object certain prepositions, various ablative constructions |
| -ne | yes/no question |
| sum | I am |
| es | you are |
| est | he, she, it is |
| sumus | we are |
| estis | you all are |
| sunt | they are |
| eram | I was |
| eras | you were |
| erat | he, she, it was |
| eramus | we were |
| eratis | you all were |
| erant | they were |
| ero | I shall be |
| eris | you will be |
| erit | he, she, it will be |
| erimus | we shall be |
| eritis | you all will be |
| erunt | they will be |
| fui | I was (and am no more) |
| fuistis | you were (are are no more) |
| fuit | he, she it was (and is no more) |
| fuimus | we were (and are no more) |
| fuistis | you all were (and are no more) |
| fuerunt | they were (and are no more) |
| eo | I go |
| is | you go |
| it | he, she, it goes |
| imus | we go |
| itis | you all go |
| eunt | they go |
| ibam | I was going |
| ibas | you were going |
| ibat | he, she, it was going |
| ibamus | we were going |
| ibatis | you all were going |
| ibant | they were going |
| ibo | I shall go |
| ibis | you will go |
| ibit | he, she, it will go |
| ibimus | we shall go |
| ibitis | you all will go |
| ibunt | they will go |
| fero | I bear |
| fers | you bear |
| fert | he, she, it bears |
| ferimus | we bear |
| fertis | you all bear |
| ferunt | they bear |
| volo/nolo | I wish/I do not wish |
| vis/non vis | you wish/you do not wish |
| vult/non vult | he, she, it wishes/does not wish |
| volumus/nolumus | we wish/we do not wish |
| vultis/non vultis | you all wish/you all do not wish |
| volunt/nolunt | they wish/they do not wish |
| ego, nos, tu, vos, is, ea, id | Subject: I, we, you, you all, he, she, it |
| mei, nostrum, tui, vestrum, eius, eorum | genitive: of me, of us, of you, of you all, of him/her/it, of them |
| dative: mihi, nobis, tibi, vobis, ei, eis | to/for me, us, you, you all, him, her, it, them |
| Accusative; me, nos, te, vos, eum, eam, id, eos, eas, ea | Object: me, us, you, you all, him, her, it, them |
| Abaltive: me, nobis, te, vobis, eo, ea, eo, eis | object: me, us, you, you all, him, her, it, them |
| present stem + o, s, t, mus, tis, nt | formula for present active indivicative |
| present stem +(e)ba + m, s, t, mus, tis, nt | formula for imperfect active indicative |
| present stem + bo, bi, bu or E + o/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt | formula for future active |
| perfect stem + i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt | formula for the perfect active |
| perfect stem + era + m, s, t, mus, tis, nt | formula for the pluperfect active |
| perfect stem + eri + o, s, t, mus, tis, nt | formula for the future perfect active |
| Present stem + r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur | formula for the present passive |
| present stem + bo, bi, bu or E + or/ar, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur | formula for the future passive |
| present stem + (e)ba + r, ris, tur, mur, mini, ntur | formula for the imperfect passive |
| fourth principart part + the present tense of sum | formula for the perfect passive |
| fourth principal part + imperfect tense of sum | formula for the pluperfect passive |
| fourth principal part + the future tense of sum | formula for the future perfect passive |
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Latin-NBCT |
Parkview High School |
| Lawrenceville, GA |
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