| A | B |
|---|
| What are gametes? | haploid cells that fuse with another haploid cell to form a zygote; a sperm or egg cell |
| Somatic cells are | body cells |
| Homologous chromosomes are... | a pair of chromosomes having the same size and shape and carrying alleles for the same traits |
| What is a diploid? | having two of each type of chromosome; two times the haploid number of chromosomes |
| What is a haploid (monoploid)? | having half the diploid number of chromosomes; n or monoploid |
| Define meiosis. | cell division in diploid cells that results in haploid; reduction division |
| What are the stages of meiosis? | prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I and prophaseI II,metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II (PMAT 1 and PMAT 2) |
| What happens during prophase I? | the chromosomes and spindle appear and the nuclear membrane disappears |
| What happens during metaphase I? | the centromeres of the chromosomes are lined up at the equatorial plane |
| What happens during anaphase I? | the daughter chromosomes move to opposite sides |
| What is disjunction? | the separation of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I of meiosis |
| What happens during telophase? | the chromosomes uncoil, the spindle and asters disappear and the nuclear membrane reforms |
| Define conjugation. | A form of sexual reproduction found in protists; the individual organisms appear to be identical but are of different mating types |
| A zygospore is... | a zygote covered by a thick protective wall |
| Reproductive systems include... | gonads, ovaries, ova, testes, sperm cells |
| A gonad is... | in animals, specialized organs in which gametes develop |
| The function of ovaries is... | in animals--female gonades produce egg cells; in flowering plants--the basal part of the pistil which contains ovules and later seeds which develop into fruit |
| The ova is... | the female gonad--egg |
| Testes are... | the male gonad which produces sperm and secretes male sex hormones |
| Sperm cells are... | the male gamete |
| What are hermaphrodites? | an individual organism that possesses both testes and ovaries |
| What is gametogenesis? | the process by which gametes develop |
| What is external fertilization? | the eggs are fertilized in the environment outside the body of the female--limited to aquatic animals |
| What is internal fertilization? | fertilization within the body of the female, is characteristic of animals that reproduce on land.--requires specialized sex organs |
| What is parthenogenesis? | the development of an unfertilized egg into an adult organism |
