| A | B |
|---|
| Osmosis | Water moves down water concentration gradient |
| Osmosis | Membrane must be permeable to solvent/impermeable to solute |
| Passive | Osmosis--active or passive? |
| Simple diffusion | Can occur with or without a membrane involved |
| Passive | Simple diffusion--active or passive? |
| Simple diffusion | Can occur through the phospholipid bilayer |
| Simple diffusion | May occur through a channel protein |
| Lipid-soluble substance | Which is(are) likely to diffuse through the bilayer--lipid-soluble substance, ion, polar molecule? |
| Ions and polar molecules | Which is(are) likely to require a channel protein for diffusion--lipid-soluble substance, ion, polar molecule? |
| False | True or false--channel proteins change shape as they transport their substance. |
| False--many are gated. | True or false--all channel proteins are always open. |
| True | True or false--channel proteins are specific to one substance. |
| Facilitated diffusion | Which means of transport is passive and requires a transporter protein? |
| True | True or false--facilitated diffusion transporters change shape as they transport their substance. |
| False--they are specific to one substance. | True or false--each facilitated diffusion transporter is able to transport a variety of substances. |
| True | True or false--facilitated diffusion can move a substance only down its concentration gradient. |
| False | True or false--energy from ATP is required to change the shape of a facilitated diffusion transporter. |
| Active transport | The process that requires a transporter protein and also direct energy from ATP is ____. |
| True | True or false--transporter proteins change shape due to energy from ATP in active transport. |
| Against or up--from lesser concentration to greater concentration. | Active transport can move a substance ____ its concentration gradient. |
| Pumps | Transporter proteins in active transport are often called ___. |
| Endocytosis | Any process that brings a substance into a cell sealed in a vesicle is called ___. |
| Phagocytosis | Cell eating. |
| Phagocytosis | Process that could bring in a bacterium, sealed inside a vesicle. |
| Pinocytosis | Cell drinking |
| Pinocytosis | Brings in a liquid droplet, sealed inside a vesicle. |
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis | Brings in specific ligands, sealed inside a vesicle |
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis | Endocytosis that requires specific receptors |
| Receptor-mediated endocytosis | Clathrin proteins are necessary for this process |
| Exocytosis | Substance is sealed in a vesicle and transported to the plasma membrane, then released to the outside |
| Water (only) | Examples of substances that move by osmosis |
| Oxygen, carbon dioxide, steroids, water, fat-soluble vitamins--all of these are lipid-soluble except water | Examples of substances that move by simple diffusion through the phospholipid bilayer |
| Ions and water | Examples of substances that diffuse through protein channels |
| Glucose, fructose, galactose, some vitamins | Examples of substances that move by facilitated diffusion |
| Ions (usually because they need to go against the concentration gradient), also some polar or charged solutes | Examples of substances that move by active transport |
| Specific ligands that are usually large molecules--some vitamins, some hormones, cholesterol, iron | Examples of substances that move by receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| Solid particles such as bacteria and worn-out red blood cells | Examples of substances that move by phagocytosis |
| Liquid droplets containing solutes dissolved in the fluid outside the cell | Examples of substances that move by pinocytosis |
| Neurotransmitters; hormones; digestive enzymes | Examples of substances that move by exocytosis |
| White blood cells | Only cells that do phagocytosis in human body |
