| A | B |
|---|
| Political Cues | A signal to a member of Congress that identifies which values are at stake in a vote |
| Direct Mail | The solicitiatino of funding through letter campaigns |
| "Dirty Dozen" | A list, compiled by an environmental interest group, of those legislators who voted most frequently against its measures |
| Federal Regulation Lobbying Act of 1946 | Its application restricted to lobbying efforts involving direct contacts with members of Congress |
| Grassroots support | Backing for a public policy that arises or is created in public opinion |
| Ideological interest groups | Groups that attract members by appealing to their political convictions with coherent sets of principles |
| Political incentives | A valued benefit obtained by joining a political organization |
| Insider strategy | when lobbyists work closely with a few key members of Congress |
| Institutional interests | Individuals or groups representing other organizations |
| Interest groups | Groups that seek to influence public policy |
| Lobbyist | A person attempting to influence government decisions on behalf of an interest group |
| Material benefit incentives | Money, things, or services obtainable from interes group membership |
| Outsider strategy | Plan increasingly used by lobbyists with advent of modern technology and employing grassroots lobbying |
| PACs | A group set up by and representing a corporation, labor union, or special interest group that raises and spends campaign contributions |
| PIRGs | Organizations first organized by Ralph Nader that gather information on consumer topics |
| Public-interest lobby | Political organization, the stated goals of which will principally benefit nonmembers |
| Purposive incentive | Sense of satisfaction derived from serving a cause from which one doesn not benefit personally |
| Ratings | An assessment of a representative's voting record on issues important to an interest group |
| Revolving door | Practice of lobbying officials with such promises as employment after their government service |
| solidary incentives | Sense of pleasure, status, or companionship arising from group membership |
| Pluralist Theory | Believes that competing interest groups are healthy: give people a connection to govt. and they balance each other |
| Elitist Theory | Believes that politics is being corrupted by the rich interest groups |
| Hyperpluralist Theory | Believes that interest groups are way out of control; the more groups that exist the more they'll influence some govt. agency |
| Iron Triangles | A close relationship between an agency, congressional committee, and an interest group that works to everyone's advantage |
| Communication Workers of America v. Beck | declared that employees don't have to pay union dues for partisan political activities |
