| A | B |
|---|
| Urbanization | The growth of cities |
| Americanization movement | Education program designed to help immigrants assimilate to American culture |
| Row house | A single-family dwelling that shares side walls with other, similar houses |
| Dumbbell tenement | A long, narrow, five- or six-story building shaped like a barbell |
| Social Gospel movement | A 19th-century reform movement based on belief that Christians have a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty |
| Settlement house | A community center providing assistance to residents-particularly immigrants-in a slum neighborhood |
| Jane Addams | A community worker,a champion of organized labor, and a peace advocate |
| Graft | The illegal use of political influence for personal gain |
| Political machine | An organized group that controls a political party in a city and offers services to voters and businesses in exchange for political and financial support |
| Kickback | The return of part of a payment, usually as a result of intimidation or a secret agreement |
| Tammany Hall | The Democratic political machine that dominated New York City in the late 19th century |
| Tweed ring | A group of corrupt New York politicians, led by William Marcy Tweed, who took as much as $2 million from the city between 1869 and 1871. |
| Thomas Nast | A political cartoonist who ridiculed Boss Tweed for pocketing millions from New York City in kickbacks and payoffs |
