| A | B |
|---|
| The connective tissue coverings around the spinal cord as a group are called the ___. | Meninges |
| The one of the meninges that is right against the spinal cord is the ___. | Pia mater |
| The middle one of the meninges is the ___. | Arachnoid |
| The outermost of the meninges in the ___. | Dura mater |
| The space between the pia mater and the arachnoid is the ___ space. | Subarachnoid |
| The space between the arachnoid and the dura mater is the ___ space. | Subdural |
| The space between the dura mater and the bone of the vertebra is the ___ space. | Epidural |
| The tapered lower end of the spinal cord is the ___. | Conus medullaris |
| The extension of the pia that connects the end of the spinal cord to the coccyx is the ___. | Filum terminale |
| The spinal nerves that travel in the lower end of the vertebral canal before exiting are the ___. | Cauda equina |
| The gray matter of the spinal cord is made up of ____. | Nerve cell bodies |
| The white matter of the spinal cord is made up of ___. | Myelinated axons forming tracts |
| The gray matter of the spinal cord is identified as anterior, lateral, and posterior ____. | Gray horns |
| The white matter of the spinal cord is identified as anterior, lateral, and posterior ____. | White columns |
| Ascending tracts in the spinal cord are always ___. | Sensory |
| Descending tracts in the spinal cord are always ___. | Motor |
| If the name of a tract is tectospinal, this means the the tract begins in the ____, ends in the ____, and is a ___ tract. | Brain (tectum is the specific part) / spinal cord / descending and therefore motor |
| Cranial reflexes are integrated in the ___. | Brain |
| Spinal reflexes are integrated in the ___. | Spinal cord |
| A reflex pathway begins with a ____. | Receptor |
| Reflexes are integrated in some part of the ___. | Central nervous system |
| A ___ neuron carries an impulse from the reflex integrating center to the part that will respond,which is called the ___. | Motor / effector |
| Reflexes with skeletal muscle as the effector are classified as ___ reflexes. | Somatic |
| Reflexes with cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, or glands as the effector are classified as ___ reflexes. | Visceral |
| There are ___ pairs of spinal nerves. | 31 |
| The wrapping that is found around entire spinal nerves is called the ___. | Epineurium |
| The wrapping around bundles of nerve fibers within a spinal nerve is called the ___. | Perineurium |
| The wrapping that is found around individual nerve fibers in a spinal nerve is called ___. | Endoneurium |
| The 2 points of attachment of a spinal nerve to the cord are the ___ and ____ ____. | Anterior and posterior roots |
| The anterior root of a spinal nerve is entirely ___. | Motor |
| The posterior root of a spinal nerve is entirely ___. | Sensory |
| The four branches of a spinal nerve (which occur after it leaves the vertebral canal) are : | Dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, meningeal branch, and the rami communicantes. |
| Since spinal nerves contain both motor and sensory fibers, they are classified as ___ nerves. | Mixed |
| Dorsal rami of spinal nerves serve ___. | Skin & muscles of dorsal trunk |
| Ventral rami of spinal nerves serve ___. | Arms, legs, and ventral trunk. |
| Ventral rami of most spinal nerves enter into ___ before giving off named nerves to specific body regions. | Plexuses (networks of nerves) |
| Ventral rami of T ___ through T ___ do not enter plexuses but go straight to the structures they serve. | T2 - T12 |
| The ___ plexus is formed by ventral rami of C1 - C4 or 5. | Cervical |
| A major nerve that emerges from the cervical plexus is the ___ nerve. | Phrenic--which innervates the diaphragm |
| The ___ plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C5 - C8 plus T1. | Brachial |
| The brachial plexus provides the nerve supply for the ___. | Arm |
| Name some major nerves that emerge from the brachial plexus. | Radial, median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, and axillary. |
| The ventral rami of L1 - L4 form the ___ plexus. | Lumbar |
| Two major nerves that emerge from the lumbar plexus are: | Femoral and obturator |
| The ventral rami of L4 - L5 plus S1 - S4 form the ___ plexus. | Sacral |
| The major nerve that emerges from the sacral plexus is the ___ nerve. | Sciatic |
| The nerves that supply the legs emerge from which 2 plexuses? | Lumbar and sacral |
