| A | B |
|---|
| carrier protein | a protein that helps move substances across the cell membrane in facilitated diffusion |
| concentration gradient | the difference in the concentration of molecules across a space |
| contractile vacuole | collects excess water and removes it from the cell |
| cytolysis | the bursting of cells |
| diffusion | moves of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| equilibrium | when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space |
| facilitated diffusion | a type of passive transport that uses carrier proteins to move large substances across the membrane |
| hypertonic | when the concentration of the solute is greater outside the cell than inside |
| hypotonic | when the concentration of a solute is greater inside a cell than outside |
| ion channel | channels used to move ions across the membrane |
| isotonic | when the concentration of a solute is at equilibrium inside and outside of the cell |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water |
| passive transport | moving molecules across the membrane without the cell expending any energy |
| plasmolysis | the shrinking of cells |
| active transport | moving substances across the cell membrane with the cell using energy |
| endocytosis | to take into the cell |
| exocytosis | to remove from the cell |
| phagocytosis | when cells take in other cells or large particles |
| pinocytosis | when cells take in large amounts of fluids |
| sodium-potassium pump | a type of active transport when cells move sodium and potassium against the concentration gradient |
| vesicle | a membrane bound organelle made from the cell membrane in endocytosis |
