| A | B |
|---|
| autosome | any chromosome that does not determine the sex of the organism |
| centromere | the protein disc that connect the |
| chromatid | each half of the chromosome |
| diploid | a cell with a full set a chromosomes |
| haploid | a cell with a half set of chromosome |
| histone | proteins that help the DNA coil into the chromosomes |
| homologous chromosome | one autosomal chromosome from each parent |
| karyotype | a picture of an organism's chromosomes used in genetic counseling |
| nonhistone | a protein that regulates a certain part of an organism's DNA |
| sex chromosome | a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual |
| anaphase | the phase of mitosis where the chromatids split |
| binary fission | reproduction in bacteria where the cell splits in two |
| cell cycle | the repeating events that make up the life of a cell |
| cell plate | found in plant cells, formed in cytokinesis |
| centriole | an organelle used in cell division, helps form the spindle |
| centrosome | contain the centrioles in animals |
| cleavage furrow | formed in animal cells during cytokinesis |
| cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm |
| interphase | the part of the cell cycle where the cell is in G1,G2, and S |
| meiosis | cell division that forms the gametes |
| metaphase | the phase of mitosis where the copied chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell |
| mitosis | cell divsion in eukaryotes |
| prophase | the phase of mitosis where the nucleus dissolves, the chromosomes appear, and the spindle begins to form |
| telophase | the phase in mitosis where the nuclei reform, the spindle disappears, and the chromosomes unwind |
| asexual reproduction | the formation of offspring form one parent |
| crossing-over | when homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments of DNA to increase genetic recombination |
| gamete | a sex cell |
| genetic recombination | a new mixture of genetic material |
| independent assortment | the random separation of homologous chromosomes |
| oogenesis | the formation fo egg cells in females |
| polar body | the other three products of meiosis that do not result in an egg |
| sexual reproduction | the formation of offspring from two parents |
| spermatid | the result of spermatogenesis, premature sperm cells |
| tetrad | a pair of homologous chromosomes in meiosis |
