| A | B |
|---|
| adenine | one of the nitrogen containing bases abbreviated by the letter A |
| base-pairing rule | states that A bonds with T and G bonds with C |
| complentary base pair | A-T,G-C connected by hydrogen bonds |
| cytosine | one of the nitrogen containing bases abbreviated by the letter C |
| deoxyribose | the sugar found in DNA |
| DNA polymerase | the enzyme that aids in the production of the new strands of DNA in replication |
| double helix | the shape of DNA |
| guanine | one of the nitrogen containing bases abbreviated by the letter G |
| helicase | the enzyme that separates or "unzips" the DNA in replication |
| mutation | a change in the sequence of DNA |
| nitrogen-containing base | a piece of a nucleotide, one of four different types A,T,G, & C |
| purine | a type of nitrogen base that includes A and G |
| pyrimidine | a type of nitrogen base that includes T and C |
| replication | the process by which DNA reproduces |
| replication fork | the point where the helicase is separating the original strands of DNA in replication |
| thymine | one of the nitrogen containing bases abbreviated by the letter T |
| mRNA | Messenger RNA, it carries the message of the DNA and is formed in transcription |
| ribose | the sugar found in RNA |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA, commonly called ribosomes, they aid in protein synthesis |
| RNA polymerase | the enzyme that moves along the DNA and assembles the mRNA in transcription |
| transcription | the process where mRNA is made from DNA |
| tRNA | transfer RNA, it is used in translation to bring in the amino acids necessary to build the desired protein |
| uracil | one of the nitrogen containing bases found only in RNA abbreviated by the letter U |
| anticodon | the opposite combination of RNA bases located on the tRNA and is used to ensure that the correct amino acid is used in translation |
| codon | the sequence of three RNA bases on the mRNA that code for a specific amino acid |
| genetic code | a table used to determine which amino acid is to be used in translation |
| protein synthesis | also known as translation, the process that occurs when amino acids are connected to form proteins |
| start codon | the codon that is reponsible for the beginning of translation |
| stop codon | the codon responsilbe for the end of translation |
| translation | also known as protein synthesis, the process that occurs when amino acids are connected to form proteins |
