| A | B |
|---|
| A & P name for sense of smell | Olfactory |
| A & P name for sense of taste | Gustatory |
| Describe an olfactory receptor. | Bipolar neuron with knob-shaped dendrite. Olfactory hairs dangle from dendrite down into nasal passage. |
| How do odorant molecules activate olfactory receptors? | Odorant molecule comes in contact with olfactory hairs of specific type of olfactory neuron that is specialized for that primary smell sensation only. As odorant binds to receptor, this triggers a nerve impulse in the olfactory neuron. If more than one primary smell sensation is present, a combination of olfactory neurons is activated. |
| Where is the lateral olfactory area located in the brain? | Temporal lobe |
| In addition to the primary olfactory area, some integration of smell impulses occurs in which additional lobe of the cortex? | Frontal |
| The sense of smell has a strong connection to the primitive area of the brain known as the ___ system, where strong ___ responses to smell may occur. | Limbic system / emotional |
| Olfactory nerves pass through foramina in the ____ plate of the ___ bone to reach the olfactory bulb. | Cribriform plate / ethmoid |
| Both the sense of smell and the sense of taste are classified as ___ senses, so their receptors can be classified as ---receptors. | Chemical / chemoreceptors |
| The bumps we can see & feel on the tongue are ____. Some of them have ____ ____ associated with them. | Papillae / taste buds |
| Describe the structures which contain and protect the gustatory receptors. | Structures are taste buds--they consist of a capsule formed by supporting epithelial cells with the gustatory receptors inside. There is a single opening called a taste pore for the gustatory hairs. |
| Describe the location of a taste bud relative to the upper surface of the tongue. | Taste buds are located in a little trench that circles the base of a papilla, so they are below the actual surface of the tongue in a more protected location. |
| Describe a gustatory receptor. | This is a modified epithelial cell that has a single process called a gustatory hair. |
| How does a gustatory receptor respond to a tastant in such a way that a nerve impulse results even though the receptor itself is not a neuron? | When the proper kind of tastant comes along, the gustatory receptor releases a burst of neurotransmitter that reaches associated sensory nerve fibers and triggers a nerve impulse there. |
| Name the five primary taste sensations. | Sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami (meaty). |
| Name the 3 main types of papillae in the adult. | Vallate (circumvallate), fungiform, filiform. |
| Which papillae have taste buds associated with them? | Vallate and fungiform. |
| New gustatory receptors are produced by ___ ___ cells in the taste bud. | Basal cells |
| New olfactory receptors are produced by ___ ____ ____. Why was the discovery that this occurs a surprise? | Basal stem cells in the olfactory epithelium. This was a surprise because we had thought that no new neurons were produced after a very young age. |
| Most taste buds are on the tongue, but where are additional ones found? | Larynx, pharynx & soft palate. |
| Which 3 cranial nerves might carry taste impulses to the brain? | Facial (VII) from receptors on anterior tongue, glossopharyngeal (IX) from receptors on posterior tongue, and vagus (X) from receptors located in areas other than tongue. |
| Where is the primary gustatory area of the brain? | Parietal lobe |
